Photoacoustic imaging technology (PAT) usually regards the absorption coefficient of biological tissue to light as a scalar. However, most biological tissues are anisotropic, and the absorption coefficients of light with different polarization states differ, limiting the use of photoacoustic imaging technology in some clinical diagnosis and treatment with polarization requirements. Based on this, a photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) probe with an adjustable polarization angle is designed, and a polarization PACT system is built to provide an imaging basis for intraoperative polarization tissue detection. Non-polarization maintaining fiber guides and transmits the excitation light. It is polarized by a polarizer after a series of lens shapings, and the polarization angle of the excitation light is adjusted by a half-wave plate to excite the acoustic signal. In the experiment, through multiple polarized photoacoustic imaging experiments on polarizers with different optical axis directions and different depths in scattering media, the optical axis direction detection and depth imaging of polarizers are successfully realized. Furthermore, the structural information of the bovine tendon is successfully extracted by using the excitation light of two orthogonal polarization angles to the photoacoustic image of the bovine tendon, and the imaging ability and anisotropy detection performance of the designed handheld polarized photoacoustic imaging probe and polarization pact system are verified. It is expected to provide an imaging basis for the intraoperative diagnosis and treatment of anisotropic biological tissues (such as nerves and tendons).