• Chinese Journal of Lasers
  • Vol. 45, Issue 2, 207015 (2018)
Jiang Chenyu1、2, Sun Meixiu3, Li Yingxin3, and Wang Chuji4、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1[in Chinese]
  • 2[in Chinese]
  • 3[in Chinese]
  • 4[in Chinese]
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    DOI: 10.3788/CJL201845.0207015 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Jiang Chenyu, Sun Meixiu, Li Yingxin, Wang Chuji. Breath Analysis Using Laser Spectroscopy Techniques: Development and Future[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(2): 207015 Copy Citation Text show less
    Illustration of CRDS technique
    Fig. 1. Illustration of CRDS technique
    The CRDS breath acetone analyzer I
    Fig. 2. The CRDS breath acetone analyzer I
    Linear response of the CRDS breath acetone analyzer I
    Fig. 3. Linear response of the CRDS breath acetone analyzer I
    The reproducibility of the CRDS breath acetone analyzer I
    Fig. 4. The reproducibility of the CRDS breath acetone analyzer I
    The CRDS breath acetone analyzer II
    Fig. 5. The CRDS breath acetone analyzer II
    Mean breath acetone concentrations of three subjects
    Fig. 6. Mean breath acetone concentrations of three subjects
    Linear relation of the breath acetone concentrationwith the mean blood glucose level in 20 TD1 subjects with no ketoacidosis
    Fig. 7. Linear relation of the breath acetone concentrationwith the mean blood glucose level in 20 TD1 subjects with no ketoacidosis
    Breath biomarkerMetabolic disorder /diseaseClassification
    Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)Alcoholism, liver related diseases, lung cancerDisease
    Acetone [OC(CH3)2]Lung cancer, diabetes, dietary fat losses,congestive heart failure, brain seizure
    Ammonia (NH3)Renal diseases, asthma
    Carbondisulphide (CS2)Schizophrenia, coronary, artery disease
    Carbonyl sulfide (OCS)Liver related diseases
    Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)Asthma
    Methylated (CH3OH)Nervous system disorder
    Methyl nitrate (CH3NO3)Hyperglycemia intype 1 diabetes
    Nitrogen monoxide (NO)Asthma
    Nitrotyrosine (C9H10N2O5)Asthma, bronchiectasis, hypertension, rhinitis, lung disease
    Pyridine (C5H5N)Periodontal disease
    Sulfur compoundsHepatic diseases and malodor, lung cancer
    Butane (C4H10)Tumor marker in lung cancerMetabolicdisorder
    Carbon monoxide (CO)Oxidative stress, respiratory infection, anaemias
    Carbon dioxide (CO2)(13C-isotopes)Helicobacter pylor, oxidative stress
    Ethane (C2H6)Vitamin E deficiency in children,lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress
    Ethanol (C2H5OH)Production of gut bacteria
    Ethylene (C2H4)Lipid peroxidation, ultra violet radiation damage of skin
    H/D isotopeBody water
    Hydrogen (H2)Indigestion in infants, intestinal upset, colonic fermentation
    Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)Pseudomon asaeruginosa in children affected with cystic fibrosis
    8-isoprostaneOxidative stress
    IsopreneBlood cholesterol
    Methane (CH4)Intestinal problems, colonic fermentation
    Oxygen (O2)Respiration
    Pentane (C5H12)Peroxidation of lipids, liver diseases, schizophrenia,breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis
    Table 1. Established breath biomarker and their physiological symptoms[7]
    Breath biomarkers(chemical formula)Spectral fingerprints(UV-MIR) /μmLaser spectroscopictechniqueDetection limitResearchers
    Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)5.79TDLAS8×10-8Kamat, et al
    Acetone [OC(CH3)2]0.266CRDS5×10-8Wang, et al
    Ammonia (NH3)9-10.7PAS1×10-4Narasimhan, et al
    NH311.0TDLAS1×10-6Lachish, et al
    NH310.0TDLAS3×10-9Manne, et al
    NH310.3TDLAS5×10-9Moskalenko, et al
    NH31.5OFC-CEAS4×10-6Thorpe, et al
    Carbon dioxideand 13C-isotopes4.23PAS7×10-9Herpen, et al
    (CO2 & 13CO2/12CO2)
    CO21.6CRDS3×10-6Crosson, et al
    CO21.59TDLAS1×10-4Weldon, et al
    CO24.9TDLAS5×10-7Moskalenko, et al
    CO24.9CALOS(3.778±0.004)%Halmer, et al
    CO25.2ICOS-McCurdy, et al
    13CO2/12CO21.6CRDSPrecision, 0.2‰Crosson, et al
    13CO2/12CO21.6OFC-CEASPrecision,4.1‰Thorpe, et al
    Carbon monoxide (CO)1.6OFC-CEAS9×10-7Thorpe, et al
    CO4.6TDLAS5×10-7Moskalenko, et al
    CO4.88TDLAS-Lee, et al
    Carbonyl sulfide (OCS)4.86TDLAS1.2×10-9Wysocki, et al
    OCS4.86TDLAS with QC laser3×10-8Roller, et al
    OCS4.9CALOS4.38×10-10Halmer, et al
    Ethane (C2H6)3.4OA-ICOS1.2×10-10Parameswaran, et al
    C2H63.4TDLAS1×10-10Skeldon, et al
    C2H63.3CALOS2.7×10-10Halmer, et al
    C2H63.0CALOS1×10-10Dahnke, et al
    C2H62.6-4.0CALOS5×10-10VonBasum, et al
    C2H63.4TDLAS(0-12)×10-8Patterson, et al
    C2H63.3PAS-Puiu, et al
    Ethylene (C2H4)10.5PAS-Puiu, et al
    C2H49.2-10.8PAS-Dumitras, et al
    Methane (CH4)3.35TDLAS5×10-7Moskalenko, et al
    Nitrogen monoxide (NO)5.2ICOS1×10-9Silva, et al
    NO5.2TDLAS2×10-9Namjou, et al
    NO5.2TDLAS3×10-9Menzle, et al
    NO5.2CRDS7×10-10Kosterev, et al
    NO5.2TDLAS1.5×10-9Roller, et al
    NO5.2ICOS4×10-10McCurdy, et al
    Table 2. Spectral fingerprints, laser spectroscopic technique, and detection limit of major biomarkers[7]
    Jiang Chenyu, Sun Meixiu, Li Yingxin, Wang Chuji. Breath Analysis Using Laser Spectroscopy Techniques: Development and Future[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(2): 207015
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