A miniaturized, low-radiation X-ray flying-spot scanning backscattering system was developed around the precise and rapid investigation of trafficking contraband by vehicles. A chopper mechanism and a backscatter detector for miniaturized flying-spot scanning backscattering systems were designed. The X-ray backscatter imaging experiment was carried out by using the developed miniaturized flying-spot scanning system. The effects of X-ray energy and power on the imaging contrast and signal-to-noise ratio of the system were studied. The developed system has an imaging resolution of approximately 2 mm and is capable of clearly detecting drug mimics hidden in ceramic articles. The research of miniaturized X-ray backscattering system can provide reference for vehicle security problems and reduce radiation hazards in testing.