Fig. 5. SEM images and Raman spectra
[50]. (a)-(c) SEM images of the products obtained when the laser energy density is 4.4, 4.9 and 5.5 J·cm
-2, the insets in each SEM image are images of the same point, and the scale of each inset is 50 μm; (d) variation of Raman spectrum with laser energy density
Fig. 6. IG/
ID of LIG processed on glass, PET and aluminum sheet substrates, respectively
[49]. (a) Relationship between
IG/
ID with resistivity; (b) relationship between
IG/
ID and power
Fig. 7. LIG from diverse carbon precursors
[54]. (a) Defocusing the laser on the substrate to increase the size of the laser spot, thereby exposing the overlapping area multiple times; different patterns of LIG were prepared on (b) coconut, (c) potato, (d) bread and (e) cloth
Fig. 8. Supercapacitor based on LIG
[84]. (a) Schematic of micro-supercapacitors structure; (b)(c) supercapacitors manufactured using series and parallel structures; (d)(e) corresponding charge and discharge curves when the current density is 0.5 mA·cm
-2 Fig. 9. Application of LIG in sensing equipment
[86]. (a) Tester wearing LIG artificial throat; (b) LIG responds to the throat vibration of the tester who coughed, hummed, screamed, swallowed and nodded twice in a row
Fig. 10. Schematic of LIG-based gas sensor
[85]. (a) Flexible LIG-PI gas sensor; (b) refractory gas detector embedded in cement; (c) LIG-based gas detector produces different and fast responses to different types of gases
Fig. 11. Schematics of bacterial filtration and sterilization by Joule heating
[87]. (a) Schematic of air filtration, the LIG filter is installed on a vacuum filtration system with PES test filter, and bacteria and endotoxins are marked in the figure; (b) schematics of filtration and (c) Joule heating sterilization; (d) schematic of a Joule heating device in which Joule heating is performed by applying a voltage to a filter; (e) infrared image of LIG filte
Fig. 12. Triboelectric nanogenerator based on LIG composite material
[88]. (a) Operation diagram of triboelectric nanogenerator composed of LIG/PI double-layer composite material; (b) operation diagram of triboelectric nanogenerator composed of LIG/cork; (c) SEM image of the cross section of LIG/PI composite material; (d) open circuit voltage of LIG/PI composite material; (e) SEM image of the cross-section of LIG/cork composite; (f) open circuit voltage of
Fig. 13. THz imaging for LIG-FZPs
[49]. (a) Photographs of LIG-FZPs with focal lengths of 20 mm and 5 mm; (b) measured THz field distribution on the plane with a distance of 5 mm from the sample without LIG (only glass substrate and PI); (c)-(f) measured THz field distributions on the focal plane, corresponding to the FZPs with focal lengths of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm; (g)-(j) measured field-intensity distribution of the
x axis on the focal plane, corr