Aiming at the problem that the detection performance is affected by the deformation of the rotating shaft of the pulsed laser circumferential detection system under the condition of high-speed rotation, the mechanical model of the high-speed shaft is established to derive the theoretical formula of the bending deformation of the shaft. Combined with the echo power equation of the planar expansion target, the imaging model of target detection is established under the rotation axis offset. The influence of the deformation of the shaft on the amplitude voltage of the echo signal and the imaging position is simulated. The results show that when the motor speed reaches 40000 r/min, the angular displacement of the rotating shaft at the total reflection plane mirror reaches 0.013 rad, and the deformation along the Y axis reaches 0.88 m; the amplitude voltage of the echo signal gradually decreases with the increase of the speed; the spatial imaging point has a position jitter of 0.004 m at 40000 r/min.