Latent fingerprint is an important evidence in criminal investigation. In order to study the nondestructive detection of latent fingerprint based on ultraviolet (UV) polarization imaging technology, the back-illuminated sCMOS detector is used to study the UV polarization imaging scheme. The basic working principle of UV polarization imaging is analyzed, and the time-division UV polarization imaging detection system consisting of double-glued lens optical system, asynchronous rotating mechanical structure and automatic tuning electronics system is designed. The experiment verifies the function and performance of the system. The results show that the system can realize the non-destructive detection of weak feature targets such as latent fingerprints. Compared with the traditional intensity information detection method, the polarization information obtained by the method improves the contrast between the target and the background, highlights the details of the target, and provides experimental basis for the application of polarization imaging detection in latent fingerprint nondestructive detection.