Three-dimensional reconstruction of the topography of objects is extensively studied in the field of vision measurement. Current industrial cameras use the binocular vision measurement method; however, this method requires expensive equipment, specialized software, and trained technical personnel as well as involves complicated operational processes. To mitigate these shortcomings, this study proposes a three-dimensional reconstruction method based on a smartphone camera. Multiple pictures are captured from different angles using a smartphone, and their three-dimensional models are reconstructed using smartphone camera calibration, image preprocessing, feature point detection and matching, basic and essential matrix calculation, and singular value decomposition. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the measurement accuracy of the general industrial camera, meet basic requirements of three-dimensional topography modeling, and considerably expand the scope of vision measurement applications.