Cutting, drilling, and surface treatment are the methods that are commonly used for the laser processing of the fiber-reinforced composites. In this study, the domestic and international research progress with respect to the laser processing of the fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed by mainly focusing on the processing of the carbon fiber-reinforced composites. Further, the characteristics and physical removal mechanism associated with the laser processing of the fiber-reinforced composites are presented, and the effects of the laser processing parameters on the processing quality and efficiency are summarized. Finally, we present the development and the associated difficulties of the laser processing of the fiber-reinforced composites.