Broadband mid-infrared nonlinear optical modulator enabled by gold nanorods: towards the mid-infrared regime

Bin Huang; Zhe Kang; Jie Li; Mingyi Liu; Pinghua Tang; Lili Miao; Chujun Zhao; Guanshi Qin; Weiping Qin; Shuangchun Wen; Paras N. Prasad

doi:10.1364/PRJ.7.000699

Journals >Photonics Research >Volume 7 >Issue 6 >Page 699 > Article

Photonics Research
Vol. 7, Issue 6, 699 (2019)

Broadband mid-infrared nonlinear optical modulator enabled by gold nanorods: towards the mid-infrared regime

Bin Huang¹, Zhe Kang^2、3, Jie Li¹, Mingyi Liu², Pinghua Tang⁴, Lili Miao¹, Chujun Zhao^1、*, Guanshi Qin^2、5, Weiping Qin², Shuangchun Wen¹, and Paras N. Prasad⁶

Author Affiliations

¹Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

²State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

³Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China

⁴Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

⁵e-mail: qings@jlu.edu.cn

⁶Institute for Lasers, Photonics, Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA

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DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.7.000699 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Bin Huang, Zhe Kang, Jie Li, Mingyi Liu, Pinghua Tang, Lili Miao, Chujun Zhao, Guanshi Qin, Weiping Qin, Shuangchun Wen, Paras N. Prasad. Broadband mid-infrared nonlinear optical modulator enabled by gold nanorods: towards the mid-infrared regime[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(6): 699 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. (a) TEM image and (b) aspect ratio distribution of GNRs. The inset of (a) shows the photograph of the GNR solution.

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(a) Absorption spectrum of GNRs from 400 to 3200 nm. (b) The FDTD simulation results of the absorption cross section of one, two, three, and four GNRs concatenated.

Fig. 2. (a) Absorption spectrum of GNRs from 400 to 3200 nm. (b) The FDTD simulation results of the absorption cross section of one, two, three, and four GNRs concatenated.

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Fig. 3. Nonlinear saturable absorption measurements of GNRs at 780 nm, 1560 nm, 1930 nm, and ∼2700 nm.

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Fig. 4. Experiment schematic of a tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser using gold nanorods as the saturable absorber.

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Fig. 5. (a) Output spectrum of the Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2786 nm. (b) Output power and pulse energy as a function of incident pump power. (c) Repetition rate and pulse width as a function of incident pump power. (d) Radio-frequency spectrum.

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Fig. 6. Q-switched pulse train at different output powers and the typical single pulse profile from the Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser.

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Fig. 7. Output characteristics of the tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser: (a) output spectrum of tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser; (b) output power as a function of wavelength with an incident pump power of 5.6 W.

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$Q$ -switcher	Nonlinear Parameters		Laser Parameters			Refs.
$Q$ -switcher	$λ$ (μm)	$Δ α$ (%)	$Δ τ$ (ns)	$E$ (μJ)	$P_{p} (W)$	Refs.
${Fe}^{2 +} : Zn S e$	2.8	/	370	2	5.3	[6]
Graphene	2.8	/	400	6.4	16.1	[4]
Black phosphorus	2.78	15	1180	7.7	6.5	[5]
${Cu}_{2 - x} S$ nanocrystal	2.77	/	750	2.36	3.1	[3]
${Bi}_{2} {Te}_{3}$	2.8	40.6	1300	9.3	7.1	[6]
Gold nanorods	2.78	21.3	533	3.3	6.2	This work