Excited-state population distributions of alkaline-earth metal in a hollow cathode lamp

Pengyuan Chang; Bo Pang; Yisheng Wu; Jingbiao Chen

doi:10.3788/COL201816.033001

Journals >Chinese Optics Letters >Volume 16 >Issue 3 >Page 033001 > Article

Chinese Optics Letters
Vol. 16, Issue 3, 033001 (2018)

Excited-state population distributions of alkaline-earth metal in a hollow cathode lamp

Pengyuan Chang, Bo Pang, Yisheng Wu, and Jingbiao Chen^*

Author Affiliations

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Network, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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DOI: 10.3788/COL201816.033001 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Pengyuan Chang, Bo Pang, Yisheng Wu, Jingbiao Chen. Excited-state population distributions of alkaline-earth metal in a hollow cathode lamp[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2018, 16(3): 033001 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Experimental schemes of Ca HCL and Sr HCL in the configuration of element-balance-detection technology for spectrum research.

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Fig. 2. (a) Energy diagram of Sr atoms’ transitions. (b) Energy diagram of Ca atoms’ transitions.

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Fig. 3. Measured spectral intensities of Ca HCL (red line), Sr HCL (blue line), and the element-balance-detection signal with little effect of the buffer gas-lines (purple line).

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Fig. 4. (a) Intensities of 397, 423, 430 nm of Ca atoms and 358, 363, 408 nm of Sr atoms. (b) The intensities of 443, 445, 519, 527 nm of Ca atoms and 461, 474, 478, 481, 483, 487, 489, 496, 523 nm of Sr atoms. (c) The intensities of 560, 612 nm of Ca atoms and 545, 548, 550, 554, 581 nm of Sr atoms. (d) The intensities of 643, 645, 646, 649 nm of Ca atoms and 662, 679, 688, 689, 707, 731 nm of Sr atoms.

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$λ$ (nm)	$I$ (a.u.)	$A_{μ η} / 10^{6} s^{- 1}$	Transition Level
397.3708	1805	17.5	$4 s 6 s {{}^{3}S}_{1} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
422.6728	42005	218	$4 s 4 p {{}^{1}P}_{1} \to 4 s^{2} {{}^{1}S}_{0}$
430.2528	5365	136	$4 p^{2} {{}^{3}P}_{2} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
430.7744		199	$4 p^{2} {{}^{3}P}_{0} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
443.4957	4714	67	$4 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{2} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
443.5679		34.2	$4 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{1} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
445.4779	6688	87	$4 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{3} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
445.5887		20	$4 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{2} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
445.6616		2.45	$4 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{1} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
518.8844	60836	40	$4 s 5 d {{}^{1}D}_{2} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{1}P}_{1}$
527.0270	14172	50	$3 d 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{2} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{3}$
560.1277	31001	8.6	$3 d 4 p {{}^{3}D}_{2} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{3}$
560.2842	31001	14	$3 d 4 p {{}^{3}D}_{1} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
612.2217	12301	28.7	$4 s 5 s {{}^{3}S}_{1} \to 4 s 4 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
643.9075	20413	53	$3 d 4 p {{}^{3}F}_{4} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{3}$
644.9808	17355	9	$3 d 4 p {{}^{1}D}_{2} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{1}$
645.5598	15043	1.4	$3 d 4 p {{}^{1}D}_{2} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
646.2567	15043	47	$3 d 4 p {{}^{3}F}_{3} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
649.3781	10966	44	$3 d 4 p {{}^{3}F}_{2} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{1}$
649.9650	10966	8.1	$3 d 4 p {{}^{3}F}_{2} \to 3 d 4 s {{}^{3}D}_{2}$

Table 1. Wavelengths, Spectral Signal Relative Intensities, Spontaneous Transition Probabilities, and Transition levels of Ca Atomsa

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$λ$ (nm)	$I$ (a.u.)	$A_{μ η} / 10^{6} s^{- 1}$	Transition Level
357.7243	519	$A_{f j}$	$5 s 9 s {{}^{3}S}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
362.9144	1534	$A_{b^{'} t}$	$5 s 7 d {{}^{3}D}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{0}$
408.7344	4326	$A_{x n}$	$5 s 6 f {{}^{3}F}_{4} \to 5 s 4 d^{3} D_{3}$
408.7442	4326	$A_{y n}$	$5 s 6 f {{}^{3}F}_{3} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{3}$
460.7331	57023	201	$5 s 5 p {{}^{1}P}_{1} \to 5 s^{2} {{}^{1}S}_{0}$
474.1922	1818	39	$5 p^{2} {{}^{3}P}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{0}$
478.43198	2641	30	$5 p^{2} {{}^{3}P}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
481.18799	8708	90	$5 p^{2} {{}^{3}P}_{2} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
483.20425	5721	33	$5 s 5 d {{}^{3}D}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{0}$
487.2490	11350	48	$5 s 5 d {{}^{3}D}_{2} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
487.60745	11350	26.3	$5 s 5 d {{}^{3}D}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
489.19800	2426	38	$5 s 4 f {{}^{3}F}_{4} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{3}$
489.26420	2426	4.3	$5 s 4 f {{}^{3}F}_{3} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{3}$
496.22630	13730	61.4	$5 s 5 d {{}^{3}D}_{3} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
522.92679	6872	22.7	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{2} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
523.85479	6872	73	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{1} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
545.08373	1996	14.7	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}D}_{3} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
548.08638	15568	79	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}D}_{3} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{3}$
550.4181	8059	54	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}D}_{2} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
554.0050	2902	28.4	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}D}_{1} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{3}D}_{2}$
581.67702	329	0.3	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{2} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{1}D}_{2}$
661.72651	3486	16	$4 d 5 p {{}^{3}F}_{2} \to 5 s 4 d {}^{3}{D_{1}}$
679.10198	1157	8.9	$5 s 6 s {{}^{3}S}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{0}$
687.83128	4723	27	$5 s 6 s {}^{3}{S_{1}} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{1}$
689.25894	4894	0.0469	$5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{1} \to 5 s^{2} {{}^{1}S}_{0}$
707.0072	3107	42	$5 s 6 s {{}^{3}S}_{1} \to 5 s 5 p {{}^{3}P}_{2}$
730.94166	2318	39	$4 d 5 p {{}^{1}D}_{2} \to 5 s 4 d {{}^{1}D}_{2}$

Table 2. Wavelengths, Spectral Signal Relative Intensities, Spontaneous Transition Probabilities, and Transition Levels of Sr Atomsa

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$n_{μ} / n_{b}$ (Sr)	Value(Sr)	$n_{μ} / n_{b}$ (Ca)	Value(Ca)
$n_{k} / n_{b}$	0.69	$n_{i} / n_{b}$	0.50
$n_{h} / n_{b}$	0.35	$n_{c} / n_{b}$	9.70
$n_{u} / n_{b}$	0.64	$n_{l} / n_{b}$	1.83
$n_{o} / n_{b}$	0.85	$n_{h} / n_{b}$	3.24
$n_{p} / n_{b}$	0.70	$n_{w} / n_{b}$	3.04
$n_{s} / n_{b}$	0.62	$n_{x} / n_{b}$	2.54
$n_{v} / n_{b}$	0.43	$n_{y} / n_{b}$	1.68
$n_{i} / n_{b}$	5.03	$(2 n_{k} + 3 n_{y}) / n_{b}$	0.36
$n_{a^{'}} / n_{b}$	1.11	$(4 n_{p} + n_{r}) / n_{b}$	1.84
$n_{e} / n_{b}$	0.68	$(2 n_{s} + 3 n_{v}) / n_{b}$	49.64
$n_{j} / n_{b}$	550.29	$n_{f} / n_{b}$	13.21
$n_{d} / n_{b}$	0.33
$(2 n_{r} + n_{u}) / n_{b}$	1.61
$(9 n_{z} + n_{y}) / n_{b}$	2.14
$(n_{i} + 3 n_{l}) / n_{b}$	1.21
$(A_{f j} n_{f}) / n_{b}$	1.42
$(A_{b^{'} t} n_{b^{'}}) / n_{b}$	3.76
$(A_{x n} n_{x} + A_{y n} n_{y}) / n_{b}$	13.54

Table 3. Sr HCL and Ca HCL Calculation Results of nμ/nη

Pengyuan Chang, Bo Pang, Yisheng Wu, Jingbiao Chen. Excited-state population distributions of alkaline-earth metal in a hollow cathode lamp[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2018, 16(3): 033001

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