Author Affiliations
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China2Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan3School of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Chinashow less
1. Energy levels arising from a d
3 configuration for a free transition metal ion (
C=4.5
B) (a), Tanabe-Sugano diagram for the d
3 electron configuration in an octahedral crystal field (
C=4.5
B) (b), orientation of the five d-orbitals with respect to the ligands of an octahedral complex (black dots showing the ligands around the transition metal ion) (c), and crystal field splitting for the d-orbitals in an octahedral crystal field (d)
[16] 2. Regular octahedron coordination and distorted octahedra coordination
3. Unit cell of Na
2WO
2F
4 (a), highly-distorted [WO
2F
4] octahedra (b), and emission spectrum of Na
2WO
2F
4:Mn
4+ (c)
[21] with inset showing phosphor image under 460 nm light
4. (a) Unit cell of Cs
2WO
2F
4 which contains slightly- distorted [W(O,F)
6] octahedra, with the bottom-right showing the local coordination of Mn
4+ in K
2MnF
6; (b) Excitation and emission spectra of Cs
2WO
2F
4:Mn
4+ with inset showing the phosphor image under 365 nm light
[23] 5. PLE and DRS spectra of the Cs
2NbOF
5:Mn
4+ phosphor (a) and temperature-dependent emission spectra of Cs
2NbOF
5:Mn
4+ (b)
[24] with the inset showing the intensity evolution of the integrated emission (
Ie), the stokes emission (
Is) and the anti-stokes emmission (
Ia)
6. The PLE (a) and PL (b) spectra of the BaNbOF
5:Mn
4+ phosphor at temperature of 78 and 298 K with insets showing the phosphor images under natural or UV light
[26] 7. Unit cell of Sr
2ScO
3F (a) and temperature-dependent emission spectra of Sr
2ScO
3F:Mn
4+ (b)
[27]Sr: yellow; Sc: blue; O: red; F: gray
8. Excitation and emission spectra of BaTiOF
4:Mn
4+ at room temperature (a), emission spectra of BaTiOF
4:Mn
4+ at 77 K and 293 K (b), unit cell of BaTiOF
4 (c), and distorted octahedron coordination of [Ti
2OF
4] (d)
[28]Ba: yellow; Ti: blue; O: red; F: gray
9. Comparison of the calculated Mn
4+ energy levels in Mg
28Ge
7.55O
32F
15.04 for all possible Mn
4+ positions in Ge/Mg sites with the measured spectrum
[29] 10. Unit cell of LiAl
4O
6F and coordination of Al
3+/Li
+ (a) and emission spectra of LiAl
4O
6F:Mn
4+ at temperature of 298-523 K (b)
[30] Cation | Phosphor host | Peaking wavelength/nm | (R-line/ν6 intensity ratio)/% | T50%/K | Ref. |
---|
d0 | Na2WO2F4 | 619 | 125 | 340 | [21-22] | Cs2WO2F4 | 632 | 5 | 350 | [23] | Cs2NbOF5 | 632 | 10 | - | [24-25] | BaNbOF5 | 629 | 10 | - | [26] | Sr2ScO3F | 690 | - | 320 | [27] | BaTiOF4 | 632 | 5 | - | [28] | d10 | Mg28Ge7.55O32F15.04 | 657 | - | 700 | [29] | s0 | LiAl4O6F | 662 | 5-10 | - | [30] |
|
Table 1. The reported Mn4+ activated oxyfluoride phosphors