Continuous terahertz omnidirectional beam steering by dual diffraction of metagratings

Jie-Rong Cheng; Yang Yang; Sai Chen; Qi-Ye Wen; Yun-Yun Ji; Fei Fan; Sheng-Jiang Chang

doi:10.1364/PRJ.475131

[1] D. Headland, Y. Monnai, D. Abbott, C. Fumeaux, W. Withayachumnankul. Tutorial: terahertz beamforming, from concepts to realizations. APL Photon., 3, 051101(2018).

[2] X. Fu, F. Yang, C. Liu, X. Wu, T. J. Cui. Terahertz beam steering technologies: from phased arrays to field‐programmable metasurfaces. Adv. Opt. Mater., 8, 1900628(2020).

[3] X. Yu, T. Miyamoto, K. Obata, Y. Hosoda, J.-Y. Kim, M. Fujita, T. Nagatsuma. Direct terahertz communications with wireless and fiber links. IRMMW-THz, 1-2(2019).

[4] H.-J. Song, T. Nagatsuma. Present and future of terahertz communications. IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol., 1, 256-263(2011).

[5] H. Matsumoto, I. Watanabe, A. Kasamatsu, Y. Monnai. Integrated terahertz radar based on leaky-wave coherence tomography. Nat. Electron., 3, 122-129(2020).

[6] C. Zandonella. Terahertz imaging: T-ray specs. Nature, 424, 721-723(2003).

[7] D. Damyanov, B. Friederich, M. Yahyapour, N. Vieweg, A. Deninger, K. Kolpatzeck, X. Liu, A. Czylwik, T. Schultze, I. Willms. High resolution lensless terahertz imaging and ranging. IEEE Access, 7, 147704-147712(2019).

[8] P. Nayeri, F. Yang, A. Z. Elsherbeni. Beam-scanning reflectarray antennas: a technical overview and state of the art. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 57, 32-47(2015).

[9] S. V. Hum, J. Perruisseau-Carrier. Reconfigurable reflectarrays and array lenses for dynamic antenna beam control: a review. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 62, 183-198(2013).

[10] H. Zhao, F. Fan, Y.-Y. Ji, S.-L. Jiang, Z.-Y. Tan, S. Chang. Active terahertz beam manipulation with photonic spin conversion based on liquid. Appl. Phys. Lett., 116, 131104(2020).

[11] Y. Wang, G. Zhou, X. Zhang, K. Kwon, P.-A. Blanche, N. Triesault, K.-S. Yu, M. C. Wu. 2D broadband beamsteering with large-scale MEMS optical phased array. Optica, 6, 557-562(2019).

[12] J. F. Bauters, M. L. Davenport, M. J. R. Heck, J. K. Doylend, A. Chen, A. W. Fang, J. E. Bowers. Silicon on ultra-low-loss waveguide photonic integration platform. Opt. Express, 21, 544-555(2013).

[13] D. Kwong, A. Hosseini, Y. Zhang, R. T. Chen. 1 × 12 unequally spaced waveguide array for actively tuned optical phased array on a silicon nanomembrane. Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, 051104(2011).

[14] E. Carrasco, M. Tamagnone, J. Perruisseau-Carrier. Tunable graphene reflective cells for THz reflectarrays and generalized law of reflection. Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 104103(2013).

[15] P. Pitchappa, A. Kumar, S. Prakash, H. Jani, T. Venkatesan, R. Singh. Chalcogenide phase change material for active terahertz photonics. Adv. Mater., 31, 1808157(2019).

[16] M. Tamagnone, S. Capdevila, A. Lombardo, J. Wu, A. Centeno, A. Zurutuza, A. M. Ionescu, A. C. Ferrari, J. R. Mosig. Graphene reflectarray metasurface for terahertz beam steering and phase modulation(2018).

[17] J. Wu, Z. Shen, S. Ge, B. Chen, Z. Shen, T. Wang, C. Zhang, W. Hu, K. Fan, W. Padilla. Liquid crystal programmable metasurface for terahertz beam steering. Appl. Phys. Lett., 116, 131104(2020).

[18] C. X. Liu, F. Yang, X. J. Fu, J. W. Wu, L. Zhang, J. Yang, T. J. Cui. Programmable manipulations of terahertz beams by transmissive digital coding metasurfaces based on liquid crystals. Adv. Opt. Mater., 9, 2100932(2021).

[19] Q. Wei, L. Huang, R. Zhao, G. Geng, J. Li, X. Li, Y. Wang. Rotational multiplexing method based on cascaded metasurface holography. Adv. Opt. Mater., 10, 2102166(2022).

[20] W. Deng, S. Jiang, Y. Shi, Z. Liu, G. Zang, J. Qin, S. Zhu, W. Zhu. Mid‐infrared dynamic wavefront transformer based on a two‐degrees‐of‐freedom control system. Laser Photon. Rev., 16, 2200152(2022).

[21] S. Liu, S. Ma, R. Shao, L. Zhang, T. Yan, Q. Ma, S. Zhang, T. J. Cui. Moiré metasurfaces for dynamic beamforming. Sci. Adv., 8, eabo1511(2022).

[22] X. Cai, R. Tang, H. Zhou, Q. Li, S. Ma, D. Wang, T. Liu, X. Ling, W. Tan, Q. He. Dynamically controlling terahertz wavefronts with cascaded metasurfaces. Adv. Photonics, 3, 036003(2021).

[23] Y. Ra’di, D. L. Sounas, A. Alù. Metagratings: beyond the limits of graded metasurfaces for wave front control. Phys. Rev. Lett., 119, 067404(2017).

[24] D. Sell, J. Yang, S. Doshay, R. Yang, J. A. Fan. Large-angle, multifunctional metagratings based on freeform multimode geometries. Nano Lett., 17, 3752-3757(2017).

[25] X. Dong, J. Cheng, F. Fan, X. Wang, S. Chang. Efficient wide-band large-angle refraction and splitting of a terahertz beam by low-index 3D-printed bilayer metagratings. Phys. Rev. Appl., 14, 014064(2020).

[26] X. Dong, J. Cheng, F. Fan, S. Chang. Low-index second-order metagratings for large-angle anomalous reflection. Opt. Lett., 44, 939-942(2019).

[27] J. Cheng, X. Dong, S. Chen, Y. Yuan, Q. Wen, S. Chang. Terahertz metagrating accordion for dynamic beam steering. Adv. Opt. Mater., 10, 2200008(2022).

[28] Y. Ni, S. Chen, Y. Wang, Q. Tan, S. Xiao, Y. Yang. Metasurface for structured light projection over 120 field of view. Nano Lett., 20, 6719-6724(2020).

[29] X. Dong, J. Cheng, F. Fan, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, X. Wang, S. Chang. Extremely large-angle beam deflection based on low-index sparse dielectric metagratings. J. Phys. D, 53, 245101(2020).

[30] X. Dong, J. Cheng, Y. Yuan, Z. Xing, F. Fan, X. Wang, S. Chang. Arbitrary large-gradient wavefront shaping: from local phase modulation to nonlocal diffraction engineering. Photon. Res., 10, 896-904(2022).