• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 10, Issue 8, 1915 (2022)
Hao Ding1, Qizhuang Cen2,3,4, Kun Xu1, Ming Li2,3,4,6, and Yitang Dai1,5,*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 4Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 5Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
  • 6e-mail: ml@semi.ac.cn
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.461637 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Hao Ding, Qizhuang Cen, Kun Xu, Ming Li, Yitang Dai, "Observation of parity-time symmetry in time-division multiplexing pulsed optoelectronic oscillators within a single resonator," Photonics Res. 10, 1915 (2022) Copy Citation Text show less
    Principle of TDM pulsed OEO to realize PT symmetry. (a) Scheme diagram of the PT-symmetry pulsed OEO. (b) Frequency splitting of the PT-symmetric supermodes, where fS is the longitudinal mode spacing and κEP is the exception point.
    Fig. 1. Principle of TDM pulsed OEO to realize PT symmetry. (a) Scheme diagram of the PT-symmetry pulsed OEO. (b) Frequency splitting of the PT-symmetric supermodes, where fS is the longitudinal mode spacing and κEP is the exception point.
    Detailed experimental setup of the pulsed OEO. (a) Proposed PT symmetry in time-multiplexed delay systems within a single oscillator. MZM, Mach–Zehnder modulator; WDM, wavelength-division multiplexer; SMF, single-mode fiber; EA, electronic amplifier; BPF, bandpass filter; PD, photonic detector. (b) Microwave pulses (black line) in the cavity and optical pulses generated by the light source. (c) Coupled pulses after the coupling part and the microwave pulses received by the PD (black lines).
    Fig. 2. Detailed experimental setup of the pulsed OEO. (a) Proposed PT symmetry in time-multiplexed delay systems within a single oscillator. MZM, Mach–Zehnder modulator; WDM, wavelength-division multiplexer; SMF, single-mode fiber; EA, electronic amplifier; BPF, bandpass filter; PD, photonic detector. (b) Microwave pulses (black line) in the cavity and optical pulses generated by the light source. (c) Coupled pulses after the coupling part and the microwave pulses received by the PD (black lines).
    Spectrum of pulse OEOs with a span of 20 MHz: (a) PT-broken state; (b) PT-symmetry state.
    Fig. 3. Spectrum of pulse OEOs with a span of 20 MHz: (a) PT-broken state; (b) PT-symmetry state.
    Experiment of PT-symmetry pulsed OEOs. (a) Experimentally and theoretically obtained frequency detuning of the pulses, function of the coupling strength κ/κEP. (b)–(d) Spectrum of three groups of PT-symmetric microwave pulses with the coupled strength marked in (a) with a span of 160 MHz and a frequency resolution of 1 kHz.
    Fig. 4. Experiment of PT-symmetry pulsed OEOs. (a) Experimentally and theoretically obtained frequency detuning of the pulses, function of the coupling strength κ/κEP. (b)–(d) Spectrum of three groups of PT-symmetric microwave pulses with the coupled strength marked in (a) with a span of 160 MHz and a frequency resolution of 1 kHz.
    Experiment of even gain pulsed OEOs. (a) Experimentally and theoretically obtained frequency detuning of the pulses, function of the coupling strength κ/κEP. (b)–(d) Spectrum of three groups of even gain microwave pulses with the coupled strength marked in (a) with a span of 160 MHz and a frequency resolution of 1 kHz.
    Fig. 5. Experiment of even gain pulsed OEOs. (a) Experimentally and theoretically obtained frequency detuning of the pulses, function of the coupling strength κ/κEP. (b)–(d) Spectrum of three groups of even gain microwave pulses with the coupled strength marked in (a) with a span of 160 MHz and a frequency resolution of 1 kHz.
    Numerical simulation of the disappearance of PT symmetry with phase perturbation. (a) Real parts of the eigenvalues for PT symmetry with different δθ. (b) Imaginary parts of the eigenvalues for PT symmetry with δθ.
    Fig. 6. Numerical simulation of the disappearance of PT symmetry with phase perturbation. (a) Real parts of the eigenvalues for PT symmetry with different δθ. (b) Imaginary parts of the eigenvalues for PT symmetry with δθ.
    Coupling in the proposed pulsed OEO.
    Fig. 7. Coupling in the proposed pulsed OEO.
    Hao Ding, Qizhuang Cen, Kun Xu, Ming Li, Yitang Dai, "Observation of parity-time symmetry in time-division multiplexing pulsed optoelectronic oscillators within a single resonator," Photonics Res. 10, 1915 (2022)
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