Fig. 1. Sub-eye arrangement
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the common field of view and total field of view of two sub-eyes arranged on the same spherical surface
Fig. 3. 17 eyes bionic curved compound eye prototype
Fig. 4. Diagram of compound eye target position
Fig. 5. Establishment of compound eye coordinate system
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the calibration of No. 02 sub-eye
Fig. 7. Diagram of calibration between adjacent subeyes of compound eye
Fig. 8. Distance measured experiment of points
Fig. 9. Theoretical and measured value comparison of
L1![]()
![]()
and
L2![]()
Fig. 10. Positioning accuracy measurement platform of compound eye
Fig. 11. RANSAC-ORB feature matching of sub-eye images 01 and 06 after distortion correction
Fig. 12. RANSAC-ORB feature matching of sub-eye images 13 and 12 after distortion correction
Numbers of sub-eye | x/cm | y/cm | z/cm | Numbers of sub-eye | x/cm | y/cm | z/cm |
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01 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 02 | 0 | 3.154 | 5.104 | 03 | 0 | -3.154 | 5.104 | 04 | -3 | -1.854 | 4.854 | 05 | 3 | -1.854 | 4.854 | 06 | -3 | 1.854 | 4.854 | 07 | 3 | 1.854 | 4.854 | 08 | 5.104 | 0 | 3.154 | 09 | -5.104 | 0 | 3.154 | 10 | -1.854 | -4.854 | 3 | 11 | 1.854 | -4.854 | 3 | 12 | 1.854 | 4.854 | 3 | 13 | -1.854 | 4.854 | 3 | 14 | -4.854 | -3 | 1.854 | 15 | 4.854 | -3 | 1.854 | 16 | -4.854 | 3 | 1.854 | 17 | 4.854 | 3 | 1.854 | | | | |
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Table 1. The three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the sub-eye lens on the spherical surface
Numbers of sub⁃eye | ![]() ,![]() ![]() | ![]() ,![]() ![]() | ![]() ![]() |
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01 | 248.552 3,246.494 7 | 324.147 1,245.134 5 | 0.120 4,-0.098,-0.002 1,-0.000 6 | 02 | 248.510 2,246.420 6 | 309.610 6,240.059 6 | 0.118 2,-0.093 7,-0.000 5,0.000 8 | 06 | 247.931 3,245.790 2 | 319.357 8,240.223 2 | 0.116 7, -0.093 4,0.001 0,0.001 0 | 09 | 247.629 2,245.599 9 | 324.524 1,248.901 1 | 0.120 0,-0.095 3,-0.000 7,-0.000 8 | 13 | 246.654 7,244.435 4 | 331.609 4,262.072 6 | 0.104 6,-0.082 7,-0.000 1,-0.000 8 | 16 | 248.486 6,246.238 4 | 327.477 3,242.539 3 | 0.101 7,-0.082 7, 0.001 5, 0.000 8 |
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Table 2. Intrinsic parameters of some sub eyes
Adjacent sub⁃eye number | ![]() /mm | ![]() /rad |
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01⁃02 | 0.331 4,-36.508 8, -10.941 1 | 0.559 1,0.020 0,0.033 6 | 01⁃06 | 35.110 5,-20.890 9,-12.907 6 | 0.336 2,0.544 5,0.045 0 | 02⁃12 | -24.503 8,-27.183 0,-10.876 1 | 0.447 6,-0.331 6,-0.094 5 | 02⁃13 | 24.462 7,-26.639 2,-10.041 4 | 0.433 3,0.344 6,0.116 6 | 13⁃12 | -40.412 6, 7.127 0, -13.873 8 | 0.023 6,-0.633 2,-0.361 1 | 09⁃16 | 0.097 4,-36.229 9,-10.285 7 | 0.565 4, 0.083 0,-0.322 9 |
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Table 3. External parameters between some adjacent subeyes
Numbers of sub-eye | ![]() /mm | ![]() /rad |
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08 | -58.310 1,0.238 9,-33.747 3 | -0.018 9,-1.006 8,0.006 4 | 09 | 58.581 9, 1.779 1, -33.049 5 | 0.104 7,0.561 1,0.222 0 | 12 | -21.159 5, -55.551 9, -36.109 7 | 0.995 3,-0.344 3,0.038 6 | 13 | 22.311 0, -55.231 0, -35.152 9 | 0.991 6, 0.388 5,0.055 4 | 16 | 56.621 5, -33.771 4, -48.358 0 | 0.676 7, 1.091 3,0.047 5 |
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Table 4. External parameters of some outermost subeyes relative to the central subeye
Numbers of points | Measured value of Y coordinate /mm | Related error |
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1 | 3 205.24 | 1.75% | 2 | 3 126.34 | 2.06% | 3 | 3 135.59 | -0.46% | 4 | 3 170.88 | 0.66% | 5 | 3 170.93 | 0.66% | 6 | 3 082.71 | -2.14% | 7 | 3 222.68 | 2.31% | 8 | 3 157.96 | 0.25% | 9 | 3 122.95 | -0.86% |
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Table 5. 9-point’s Y coordinate measurement results (actual depth direction)
| Theoretical value /mm | Measurements /mm | Absolute error /mm | Relative error |
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X | -214.8 | -216.8 | 2.0 | 0.26% | Y | 146.8 | 149.8 | 3.0 | -0.4% | Z | 710.4 | 713.2 | -2.8 | -0.37% |
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Table 6. Measurement results and errors of rail positioning experiment 1
| Theoretical value /mm | Measurements /mm | Absolute error /mm | Relative error |
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X | -5.5 | 2.8 | -8.3 | 1.04% | Y | 760.0 | 759.5 | -0.5 | -0.06% | Z | 243.7 | 248.8 | 5.1 | 0.64% |
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Table 7. Measurement results and errors of rail positioning experiment 2