Author Affiliations
1School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China2Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Evolution of laser output power versus year for Nd∶YAG ceramic lasers
[19] Fig. 2. Laser bands corresponding to transitions between different energy levels
[20] Fig. 3. 1443 nm Nd∶YAG ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) output performance
[26] Fig. 4. Passively
Q-switched Nd∶YAG ceramic laser at 1123 nm. (a) Experimental setup; (b) absorption spectrum of the GNTs-SA; (c) output power; (d) evolution of pulse repetition rate and pulse width varying with pump power
[32] Fig. 5. Composite Nd∶YAG ceramics with different structures and their properties
Fig. 6. Experimental setup for laser diode side-pumped composite rod ceramic
[38] Fig. 7. Laser performance of various types of composite Nd∶YAG ceramic
[36] Fig. 8. Planar waveguide YAG/Nd∶YAG/YAG ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) structure of planar waveguide YAG/Nd∶YAG/YAG ceramic
[42] Fig. 9. Schematic of the dual concentration doping YAG/Nd∶YAG/YAG slab ceramic
[45] Fig. 10. Two-pass-pumping laser configuration
[51] Fig. 11. Experimental setup of Yb∶ YAG ceramic laser
[54] Fig. 12. Experimental results. (a) Output power of 10.0% Yb∶YAG ceramic laser; (b) output power of 5.0% Yb∶YAG ceramic laser
[54] Fig. 13. Beam quality as a function of the output power
[54] Fig. 14. Composite YAG/Yb∶YAG/YAG ceramic laser. (a) Structural diagram of composite ceramic; (b) experimental setup of ceramic laser
[58] Fig. 15. Experimental setup of slap Yb∶YAG ceramic laser
[60] Fig. 16. Experimental setup of the planar waveguide YAG/10% Yb∶YAG/YAG ceramic MOPA
[61] Fig. 17. Experimental setup of laser system
[71] Fig. 18. Planar waveguide YAG/Tm∶YAG/YAG ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) output power with different output mirrors
[78] Fig. 19. Yb∶Lu2O
3 ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) photograph of the pump module
[87] Fig. 20. Experimental setup for the Kerr-lens mode-locked laser
[98] Fig. 21. Energy level structure diagram of Tm3+
Fig. 22. Experimental setup for LD end-pumped Er∶Y
2O
3 ceramic lasers
[104] Year | Laser wavelength /nm | Output power /W | Efficiency /% | Reference |
---|
2005 | 946 | 1.5 | 22.5 (optical to optical) | [21] | 2009 | 1123 | 10.8 | 41.4 (optical to optical) | [22] | 2010 | 13191338 | 5.92 | 30.3 (slope)29 (optical to optical) | [23] | 2010 | 106413191338 | 3.2 | 30 (optical to optical) | [24] | 2013 | 1356 | 3.01 | 31.9 (slope) | [25] | 2017 | 1830 | 0.65 | 5.8 (slope) | [20] | 2018 | 1440 | 0.842 | 7.7 (slope) | [26] |
|
Table 1. Output performance of 1-1.8 μm Nd∶YAG ceramic lasers
Year | Laserwavelength /nm | Saturableabsorber | Outputpower / mW | Energy /μJ | Pulsewidth /ns | Repetitionrete /kHz | Peakpower /W | Reference |
---|
2015 | 1357 | V∶YAG | 628 | 42 | 21 | 15 | 2000 | [27] | 2015 | 14151442.8 | Graphene | 601 | 5.95 | 470 | 101 | 12.7 | [28] | 2015 | 946 | Cr∶YAG | 532 | 161 | 13 | 3.3 | 12400 | [29] | 2016 | 1357 | Graphene | 340 | 53 | 380 | 209 | 139 | [30] | 2016 | 1112 | Cr∶YAG | 713 | 66 | 8 | 10.8 | 8250 | [31] | 2017 | 1123 | GNTs-SA | 172 | 0.38 | 231 | 457 | 1.630 | [32] | 2017 | 1064 | Ag-NRs | 114 | 0.5 | 197 | 223.7 | 2.590 | [33] | 2018 | 1064 | Doubly Q | 1270 | 63.5 | 25 | 20 | 2540 | [34] | 2020 | 1064 | SESAM/Cr∶YAG | — | 4300 | 80 | — | 60000 | [35] | Note: GNTs-SA is gold nanotriangles-saturable absorber,Ag-NRs is sliver nanorods |
|
Table 2. Pulsed Nd∶YAG ceramic lasers based on different saturable absorbers
Year | Dopingconcentration /% | Gain mediumthickness /mm | Laser operationmode | Outputpower /W | Efficiency /% | Reference |
---|
2003 | 1.0 | 1.6 | CW | 0.345 | 26 | [46] | 2005 | 5.0 | 0.3 | QCWCW | 410 (peak)285 | 5541 | [47] | 2006 | 5.0 | 0.3 | CW | 300 | 49 | [48] | 2006 | 9.8 | 1 | CW | 1.73 | 79 | [49] | 2007 | 10.0 | 0.2 | QCWCW | 520(peak)414 | 5647 | [50] | 2007 | 20.0 | 1 | CW | 2.7 | 52 | [51] | 2008 | 10.0 | 1 | CW | 5.5 | 52 | [52] | 2008 | 9.8 | 1 | CW | 6.8 | 72 | [53] | 2009 | 10.05.0 | 3.5 | CW | 13.540 | 43.439.3 | [54] | 2010 | 9.0 | 0.2 | CW | 6500 | 53 | [55] | 2016 | 10.0 | 0.15 | CW | 1800 | 74.1 | [56] | Note: QCW is quasi-continuous-wave, CW is continuous wave |
|
Table 3. Continuous lasers with Yb∶YAG ceramics
Year | Efficiency /% | Energy /μJ | Repetitionrate /kHz | Pulsewidth /ps | Peakpower /kW | Reference |
---|
2006 | 37 | 31 | 12.4 | 380 | 82 | [64] | 2007 | 27 | 125 | 3.8 | 1200 | 105 | [65] | 2007 | 29 | 172 | 3.5 | 237 | 720 | [66] | 2013 | 10 | 25 | 30 | 3000 | 9 | [67] |
|
Table 4. Passively Q-switched lasers with composite Yb∶YAG/Cr∶YAG ceramics
Year | Mode-lockedelement | Outputpower / W | Repetitionrate /MHz | Pulsewidth /fs | Dispersioncompensation/compressor | Reference |
---|
2016 | SESAM | 240 | 102.41 | 970 | Yes | [68] | 2016 | SESAM | — | 119 | 2400 | No | [69] | 2016 | Yb∶YAG | 0.32 | — | 97 | Yes | [70] | 2017 | YAG/Yb∶YAG | 91 | 100 | 70 | Yes | [71] | 2018 | SESAM | 0.17 | 448.918 448.982 | 28002600 | No | [72] | Note: SESAM is semiconductor saturable absorber mirror |
|
Table 5. Passively mode-locked lasers with Yb∶YAG ceramics
Year | Substrate | Wavelength /nm | Thickness/length /mm | Dopingconcentration /% | Outputpower /W | Efficiency /% | Reference |
---|
2003 | Sc2O3 | 1094 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 0.42 | 9 | [79] | | | 1041 | | | 0.2 | — | | 2003 | Y2O3 | 1078 | 0.6 | 8.0 | 0.75 | 12.6 | [80] | 2004 | Y2O3 | 10301075 | 0.50.8 | 2.04.0 | 1.31.4 | 4572 | [81] | 2005 | Lu2O3 | 10351075 | 1 | 3.0 | 0.70.95 | 3653 | [82] | 2005 | Y2O3 | 1078 | 3 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 41 | [83] | 2006 | Y2O3 | 10401078 | 2 | 8.0 | 1.41.74 | 57.182.4 | [84] | 2006 | Y2O3 | 1031 | 2 | 10 | 0.521 | 53 | [85] | 2008 | Y2O3 | 1030 | 1.67 | 10 | 80 | 70 | [86] | 2014 | Lu2O3 | 1034 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 45.1 | 60.6 | [87] | 2017 | Lu2O3 | 1034 | 0.15 | 3.0 | 174 | 54 | [88] |
|
Table 6. Laser performance of Yb3+ doped sesquioxide ceramic lasers
Year | Substrate | Pulse width /fs | Wavelength /nm | Output power /W | Repetition rate /MHz | Reference |
---|
2003 | Y2O3 | 615 | 1076.5 | 0.45 | 98 | [89] | 2004 | Y2O3 | 430 | 1037 | 0.21 | 98 | [90] | 2006 | Lu2O3 | 357 | 1033.5 | 0.352 | 97 | [91] | 2007 | Y2O3 | 188 | 1038 | 0.22 | 97 | [92] | 2012 | Y2O3 | 547 | 1030 | 7.4 | 45 | [93] |
|
Table 7. Passively mode-locked lasers with Yb3+ doped sesquioxide ceramics