Fig. 1. Diagram of GLAS original waveform

Fig. 2. Results of full waveform data processing. (a) Regularized waveform; (b) filtered waveform; (c) waveform after removing background noise

Fig. 3. Schematic of Gaussian decomposition

Fig. 4. Wavelet analysis diagrams at different scales

Fig. 5. Laser foot point distributions of several typical ground objects. (a) Barren of flat area; (b) grassland of flat area; (c) buildings of town area; (d) woodland of flat area; (e) barren of slope area; (f) grassland of slope area; (g) terraces of hilly area; (h) woodland of slope area

Fig. 6. Original echo waveforms of several typical ground objects. (a) Barren of flat area; (b) grassland of flat area; (c) buildings of town area; (d) woodland of flat area; (e) barren of slope area; (f) grassland of slope area; (g) terraces of hilly area; (h) woodland of slope area

Fig. 7. Pre-processed waveforms of several typical ground objects and fitting results of waveform component of Gaussian decomposition and Gaussian wavelet decomposition. (a) Barren of flat area; (b) grassland of flat area; (c) buildings of town area; (d) woodland of flat area; (e) barren of slope area; (f) grassland of slope area; (g) terraces of hilly area; (h) woodland of slope area

Table 1. Analysis and comparison of barren with Gaussian decomposition and Gaussian wavelet decomposition for the barren

Table 2. Analysis and comparison of grassland with Gaussian decomposition and Gaussian wavelet decomposition for grassland

Table 3. Analysis and comparison of buildings and terraces with Gaussian decomposition and Gaussian wavelet decomposition for buildings and terraces

Table 4. Analysis and Comparison of woodland with Gaussian Decomposition and Gaussian Wavelet Decomposition for woodland