The quantum key distribution (QKD) network is a promising solution for secure communications. In this paper, we proposed a polarization-independent phase-modulated polarization encoding module, and it can be combined with a dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) to achieve multi-user QKD. We experimentally test the encoding module with a repetition rate of 62.5 MHz, and its average quantum bit error rate (QBER) is as low as 0.4%. Finally, we implement a principle verification test for simultaneous QKD for 1 to 2 users in 100 min, and the average QBER of two users under the transmission distance of 1 km and 5 km is kept below 0.8%. Due to the use of polarization encoding, the module can also realize scalable network architecture in free-space QKD systems in the future.