This paper proposes a practical design method for an optical phase anti-counterfeiting mask based on the analysis of the characteristics of traditional optical phase-coding technology. A two-dimensional (2D) barcode is used to encode text or image information for anti-counterfeiting into a 2D barcode, and then the 2D barcode is encoded into an optical phase anti-counterfeiting mask based on the traditional phase-coding technology. After decoding the anti-counterfeiting mask with a lower quantization order, accurate encoding information of the original 2D barcode can be successfully restored using image morphology-related algorithms, and the 2D barcode is decoded to obtain the original text and image. The proposed design method not only effectively solves the physical implementation problems of traditional optical phase-coding methods but also exhibits the advantages of high security, low cost, and good anti-counterfeiting performance, which provides an effective technical approach to promote market-oriented applications of new-generation optical anti-counterfeiting masks.