Two methods for the edge extraction of optical pupils in optical scanning holographic systems were proposed, and the holographic information of objects was obtained based on double pupil heterodyne detection. First, LG beam-axis cone lens pupil and aperture filter were used as two pupils to form a composite light field, which was able to scan the object to extract edge information. Second, when the aperture filter was unchanged, the other pupil used a power amplitude-type pupil with function distribution and edge information extraction. Computer simulation experiments show that the edge extraction qualities of the two pupils described in this paper are improved in comparison with the use of a ring pupil, and digital image processing is not required, which simplifies the experimental steps.