This study proposed a two-dimensional wind field inversion method based on the calculation of the correlation among three laser beams. Three beams were emitted in the same plane, and the two-dimensional wind field data were recovered by calculating the correlation among the three echo signals over time. The principle behind the method and the calculation process were described in detail herein. Then, this approach was used to construct a correlation-based two-dimensional wind lidar system, which could achieve the fast two-dimensional wind detection with a spatial resolution of 30 m and a time resolution of 1 s. The influence of lidar angle on the measurement results and the variations in the correlation coefficient curves under different lengths of time sequences were analyzed, and the suitable lidar angle and length of a time sequence were determined. The horizontal wind measurement experiment was conducted to compare the data by the proposed system with the sensing data of wind speed and direction by a wind tower in the detection path. The results show that the data from the proposed system are well consistent with those from the sensor.