Fig. 1. Source feature images of airborne LiDAR data. (a) First echo height; (b) last echo height; (c) echo intensity

Fig. 2. Derivative features of airborne LiDAR data. (a) Elevation difference; (b) NDVI; (c) GNDVI

Fig. 3. Relationship between GNDVI and total chlorophyll concentration^[10]

Fig. 4. Ridge trust allocation function

Fig. 5. GRNDVI value and classification accuracy change curve. (a) Curves of classification accuracy changes of buildings and roads; (b) curves of classification accuracy changes of trees and grasslands; (c) average classification accuracy

Fig. 6. Classification results of different vegetation indexes based on fuzzy DS. (a) Visible light images; (b) artificial data; (c) classification results based on NDVI and fuzzy DS; (d) classification results based on GNDVI and fuzzy DS; (e) classification results based on GRNDVI and basic DS; (f) classification results based on GRNDVI and fuzzy DS

Table 1. Complementary sets of distinguishing features

Table 2. Comparison groups of different vegetation index characteristics experiments and different DS methods

Table 3. Classification accuracy of data set 1

Table 4. Classification accuracy of data set 2

Table 5. Classification accuracy of data set 3

Table 6. Classification accuracy of data set 4

Table 7. Classification accuracy of data set 5