Oxide ceramics, known for their outstanding strength and excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, are prime candidates for high-temperature structural materials of aero-engines. These materials hold vast potential for application in high-end equipment fields of the aerospace industry. Compared with traditional ceramic preparation methods, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) can directly realize the integrated forming from raw powders to high-performance components in one step. LAM stands out for its high forming efficiency and good flexibility, enabling rapid production of large complex structural components with high performance and high precision. Recently, research on LAM for melt-grown oxide ceramics, which involves liquid-solid phase transition, has surged as a hot topic. This paper begins by outlining the basic principles of LAM technology, with an emphasis on the process characteristics of two typical LAM technologies: selective laser melting and laser directed energy deposition. On this basis, the paper summarizes the microstructure characteristics of several different oxide ceramics prepared by LAM and examines how process parameters influence these microstructures. The differences in mechanical properties of laser additive manufactured oxide ceramics with different systems are also summarized. Finally, the existing problems in this field are sorted out and analyzed, and the future development trend is prospected.