1. Flow chart of the preparation process of flexible DSSC based on Ti mesh supported Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure
2. (a) XRD pattern and (b) SEM image of YEF-TiO2-UCNPs; (c) UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of YEF-TiO2-UCNPs and P25; (d) Upconversion fluorescence spectra of YEF-TiO2-UCNPs and YE-TiO2-UCNPs, under 980 nm excitation
3. EDS elemental mapping images of Ti, O, F, Er, and Yb in YEF-TiO2-UCNPs
4. (a) Low and (b) high magnification SEM images of Ti mesh supported TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure; (c) J-V curves and photovoltaic properties of DSSCs based on Ti mesh supported TNWAs/P25 and TNWAs/YEF-TiO2- UCNPs composite structures
5. XRD patterns of Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure photoanodes prepared with different NbCl5 concentrations
6. (a) SEM images of Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure prepared with different NbCl5 concentrations
7. J-V curves of DSSCs based on Ti mesh supported Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure prepared with different NbCl5 concentrations
8. UV-Vis absorption spectra of dyes desorbed from corresponding sensitized Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure photoanodes prepared with different NbCl5 concentrations
9. Schematic diagram of the energy levels of materials in the DSSCs based on Ti mesh supported Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF- TiO2-UCNPs composite structure
10. EIS plots of DSSCs based on Ti mesh supported Nb2O5@TNWAsYEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure prepared with different NbCl5 concentrations: Nyquist plots of DSSCs under (a) dark and (b) illumination; (c) Bode plots of DSSCs under dark; (d) Equivalent circuit of DSSCs
NbCl5concentration/(mmol∙L-1) | Jsc/(mA·cm-2) | Voc/V | FF | PCE/% |
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0 | 12.81 | 0.74 | 0.58 | 5.54 | 10 | 13.20 | 0.76 | 0.63 | 6.29 | 20 | 13.72 | 0.78 | 0.65 | 6.89 | 40 | 8.80 | 0.71 | 0.54 | 3.40 | 60 | 5.32 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 1.69 |
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Table 1. Photoelectric properties of DSSCs based on Ti mesh supported Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure prepared with different NbCl5 concentrations
NbCl5concentration /(mmol∙L-1) | Rtr/Ω | Rrec/Ω | ηec | fp/Hz | τe/ms |
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0 | 36.60 | 101.5 | 0.73 | 3.78 | 42.0 | 10 | 24.24 | 130.2 | 0.84 | 3.09 | 51.3 | 20 | 18.25 | 186.9 | 0.91 | 3.06 | 51.8 | 40 | 31.95 | 89.12 | 0.73 | 5.51 | 28.9 | 60 | 34.04 | 75.56 | 0.69 | 6.64 | 23.9 |
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Table 2. EIS data of DSSCs based on Ti mesh supported Nb2O5@TNWAs/YEF-TiO2-UCNPs composite structure prepared with different NbCl5 concentrations after fitting by equivalent circuit