Single beam femtosecond laser induced self-organized nanograting in fused silica has been a research focus in the field of femtosecond laser material processing since it was firstly characterized by electron microscope ten years ago. Here the formation of self-organized nanograting is briefly introduced, together with its physicochemical properties, applications, and influencing factors. In addition, we point out the critical issues at present and suggest the potential research directions of this field as well.