Yifan Gu1、†, Tingting Hou2、3、†, Peng Chen1, Jinxin Cao1, Chongxiang Pan2、4, Weiguo Hu2、3、4, Bo-Ru Yang1、6、*, Xiong Pu2、3、4、7、*, and Zhong Lin Wang2、3、4、5、8、*
Author Affiliations
1State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China2CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China3School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China4Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China5School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA6e-mail: yangboru@mail.sysu.edu.cn7e-mail: puxiong@binn.cas.cn8e-mail: zlwang@gatech.edushow less
DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.394044
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Yifan Gu, Tingting Hou, Peng Chen, Jinxin Cao, Chongxiang Pan, Weiguo Hu, Bo-Ru Yang, Xiong Pu, Zhong Lin Wang. Self-powered electronic paper with energy supplies and information inputs solely from mechanical motions[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(9): 1496
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Fig. 1. Concept of self-powered E-paper (SPEP). (a) Schematical illustration of an SPEP with handwriting input and its structure in a pixel. (b) Prototype of the chromatic type SPEP before and after one-time color changing. (c) Possible applications of the SPEP in various fields.
Fig. 2. Operational characteristics of a monochromic E-paper under the voltage pulse mode. (a) Profiles of driving current, equivalent impedance, and intensity of reflective light during each driving process by a constant voltage. (b) Schematic diagrams of the identified five stages and in situ optical microscopy photos of an individual microcapsule. Profiles of (c) current and (d) equivalent impedance of the E-paper driven by different voltages.
Fig. 3. Comparison of the E-paper driven by constant current and voltage sources. V-t and I-t plots of various sizes of E-papers under (a) current source mode and (b) voltage source mode, respectively. The inset photos show their correspondent grayscales. Equivalent electrical circuits and schematic diagrams of the E-paper driven by (c) a constant current source and (d) a constant voltage source are illustrated, respectively.
Fig. 4. Characteristics of the sliding-mode TENG and typical responses of the E-paper driven by the TENG. (a) Working mechanism of the sliding-mode TENG and its photo. (b) The output short-circuit current of a TENG. (c) The summarized maximum amplitude of a short-circuit current of TENG with different structural parameters and sliding speeds. (d) The peak current of the TENG at different external loading resistance. (e) The rectified short-circuit current of the TENG. (f) Peak output power of a TENG (w=2 mm and v=0.5 m/s) at different external loading resistance. (g)‒(i) Current (inset is the peak current), voltage (inset is the valley value of voltage), and grayscale change (insets are photos of E-papers) of an E-paper driven by the TENG, respectively. Other than (c), all are measured with TENG parameters of w=2 mm and v=0.5 m/s.
Fig. 5. Influential parameters for driving E-papers with the TENG. (a) Grayscale changes of the E-paper driven by TENGs with different electrode widths (v=0.25 m/s, A=12 cm2). (b) Grayscale changes of the E-paper driven by TENGs at different sliding speeds (w=1 mm, A=16 cm2). (c) Grayscale changes of the E-paper with different sizes (w=1 mm, v=0.25 m/s). (d) Photos of grayscale changing of monochromic and chromatic E-papers (A=12 cm2) along with sliding motion times of the TENG.
Fig. 6. Self-powered E-paper (SPEP) integrated with a transparent TENG. (a) Schematic illustration of an all-in-one SPEP with a transparent TENG on the top. (b) The rectified short-circuit current of the TENG with hand sliding (w=1 mm). (c) Transmittance and photos (inset) of the transparent TENG. (d) The grayscale changes and inset photos of the SPEP driven by hand sliding. (e) The grayscale of the E-paper before and after bending.