• Acta Optica Sinica
  • Vol. 44, Issue 17, 1732004 (2024)
Jingzhen Li*, Yi Cai, Xuanke Zeng, Xiaowei Lu..., Hongyi Chen, Shixiang Xu, Qifan Zhu and Yongle Zhu|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Institute of Photonic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong , China
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    DOI: 10.3788/AOS241177 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Jingzhen Li, Yi Cai, Xuanke Zeng, Xiaowei Lu, Hongyi Chen, Shixiang Xu, Qifan Zhu, Yongle Zhu. Review on Atomic Time Imaging (Invited)[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(17): 1732004 Copy Citation Text show less
    Short time, atomic time, electronic time, and nuclear time
    Fig. 1. Short time, atomic time, electronic time, and nuclear time
    Correspondence among motion, energy, and time scale in the microcosmic world[2]
    Fig. 2. Correspondence among motion, energy, and time scale in the microcosmic world2
    In flight light pulse experiment recorded by holographic coherent shutter[26-29]. (a) Experimental principle (L represents picosecond laser, A represents small aperture diaphragm, O represents diffuser plate, and H represents holographic recording medium); (b) schematic of experimental lightpath (O represents diffuse reflection object and M represents mirror); (c) recorded propagation process of spherical wave and reflected wave
    Fig. 3. In flight light pulse experiment recorded by holographic coherent shutter[26-29]. (a) Experimental principle (L represents picosecond laser, A represents small aperture diaphragm, O represents diffuser plate, and H represents holographic recording medium); (b) schematic of experimental lightpath (O represents diffuse reflection object and M represents mirror); (c) recorded propagation process of spherical wave and reflected wave
    Schematic of a bond-breaking process of ICN and the time-delay between adjacent two pumpings is 10 fs in the multi-pumping-detection[35]
    Fig. 4. Schematic of a bond-breaking process of ICN and the time-delay between adjacent two pumpings is 10 fs in the multi-pumping-detection[35]
    Original femtosecond holography[66-67]
    Fig. 5. Original femtosecond holography[66-67]
    Frequency-domain hologram (up) and its system diagram (down) of plasma wake-field recorded by FDH[10,70]
    Fig. 6. Frequency-domain hologram (up) and its system diagram (down) of plasma wake-field recorded by FDH[10,70]
    Schematic of experimental setup of SSFDH
    Fig. 7. Schematic of experimental setup of SSFDH
    Schematic of CUP system and tube streak camera[48]
    Fig. 8. Schematic of CUP system and tube streak camera[48]
    Schematic of FRAME setup[77]
    Fig. 9. Schematic of FRAME setup[77]
    Schematic of optical system of FISI[52]. (a) 3D model of FISI system, including the frequency domains FD1 and FD2, the lenses L1 and L2 of 4f system, the spatial plane (SD), the image plane (IP), and the sub-lens in lens array (LA); (b) lightpath diagram of FISI system; (c) isometric and front view of framing structure
    Fig. 10. Schematic of optical system of FISI[52]. (a) 3D model of FISI system, including the frequency domains FD1 and FD2, the lenses L1 and L2 of 4f system, the spatial plane (SD), the image plane (IP), and the sub-lens in lens array (LA); (b) lightpath diagram of FISI system; (c) isometric and front view of framing structure
    Schematic of STAMP[50]
    Fig. 11. Schematic of STAMP[50]
    Schematic of microscopic SF-STAMP system for observation of ultrafast laser ablation dynamics[80]
    Fig. 12. Schematic of microscopic SF-STAMP system for observation of ultrafast laser ablation dynamics[80]
    OPR system[53-54]. (a) Schematic of OPR: (a1) demonstration of sampling theory and Fourier reconstruction algorithm; (a2) operating principle; (a3) raster framing camera (C—collimating lens, G—grating, FL—Fourier lens). (b) Experimental setup of OPR: (b1) ultrafast imaging in single-shot (WP—wedge plate, HWP—half wave plate, G1 and G2—gratings, DL—delay line, MO—microscope objective); (b2) raw spectrally dispersed raster of probe pulse without an object; (b3) details in the yellow dotted box in Fig. 13(a2); (b4) sub-bandwidth raster of a probe pulse
    Fig. 13. OPR system[53-54]. (a) Schematic of OPR: (a1) demonstration of sampling theory and Fourier reconstruction algorithm; (a2) operating principle; (a3) raster framing camera (C—collimating lens, G—grating, FL—Fourier lens). (b) Experimental setup of OPR: (b1) ultrafast imaging in single-shot (WP—wedge plate, HWP—half wave plate, G1 and G2—gratings, DL—delay line, MO—microscope objective); (b2) raw spectrally dispersed raster of probe pulse without an object; (b3) details in the yellow dotted box in Fig. 13(a2); (b4) sub-bandwidth raster of a probe pulse
    MOPA system (WS—wavelength separator, SHG—second harmonic generator, NCOPA—non-collinear optical parametric amplifier, BSG—beam splitter group, COS—confocal optical system)[88]
    Fig. 14. MOPA system (WS—wavelength separator, SHG—second harmonic generator, NCOPA—non-collinear optical parametric amplifier, BSG—beam splitter group, COS—confocal optical system)88
    Comparison among recent main imaging techniques of atomic time scale
    Fig. 15. Comparison among recent main imaging techniques of atomic time scale
    Framing rate /(frame/s)0.5×10121×10122.5×101210×1012
    Framing time tf /ps210.40.1
    Exposure time te /ps6.344.531.810.58
    Degradation factor D3.174.534.525.74
    Time information quality factor g0.320.220.220.17
    Table 1. Main performance parameters under different imaging frequencies
    Jingzhen Li, Yi Cai, Xuanke Zeng, Xiaowei Lu, Hongyi Chen, Shixiang Xu, Qifan Zhu, Yongle Zhu. Review on Atomic Time Imaging (Invited)[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(17): 1732004
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