Based on Plasmon-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (PERS) technology, the detection system for rapid field determination of synthetic edible pigments in food, such as beverage, meat productsand preserves, is presented. The hardware framework of this detection system is mainly composed of double central control chips (ARM and FPGA), a sample pretreatment module (containing a nanoparticle giving device), a laser diode source, and a spectral data acquisitioning module; Besides, the software can run the sample pretreatment module automatically while receiving the Raman spectrogram. To verify its performance in edible synthetic pigments, the rapid detection system was applied to determine carmine, citrine, allure red in three actual samples (i.e. preserves, sodas, sausage). The relative standard deviations of the sample detection were in the range of ±5%, which indicated that the system developed in this paper have the advantage of favorable sensitivity, excellent repeatability and short testing time. Thus, it meets the requirements for rapid field determination of synthetic pigments in food.