In this paper, for improving the performance and stability of MoS₂ saturable absorber, graphene oxide (GO) as colloidal surfactant is used to exfoliate MoS2 bulk material for obtaining few-layer GO-MoS₂ nano-flakes. Further research on few-layer GO-MoS₂ saturable absorber to mode-lock erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) is then conducted. In the experiment, a stable mode-locked pulsed laser is achieved with a center wavelength of 1558 nm, a repetition rate of 7.86 MHz and a pulse width of 1.9 ps. When the pump power reaches 60.5 mW, the output power is 0.48 mW and the pulse peak power is calculated to be 32.1 W. This work shows that the new composite 2D material prepared by this method is beneficial to maintain the stability of few-layer MoS2 and increase the damage threshold of the MoS₂ saturable absorber for passive mode-locking.