In order to obtain the target spectrum and polarization information at the same time, we design a hyperspectral polarization imaging system with multiple simultaneous apertures based on the orthogonal dual-polarization method and acousto-optic tunable filter. Based on the principle of hyperspectral polarization imaging, we introduce the structure design, optical design, and mechanical design of the imaging system and analyze the system imaging process using the Mueller matrix theory. We use the imaging system to distinguish three kinds of camouflage nets from bushes. The experimental results show that the hyperspectral polarization properties of camouflage nets and bushes are quite different. We can improve the detection ability and classification accuracy by combining the spectral information and dual-polarization information. The hyperspectral polarization imaging system with multiple simultaneous apertures is an effective, compact, and real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system.