In this paper a quantum mechanics model for describing multiphoton optical bistability is given. Based on this molel, the state equation of multi-photon option1 bistability is obtained. The method which for calculating the threshold of multi-photon optical bistability is also given. After analyzing the potential function, we obtain the statics stability criterion and the explanation of switching characteristics. The stable region and the inferior stable region in the bistability characteristic curve are separated. In fact, multiphoton optical stable states are actually multi-pliotoa optical siable-inferior stable states. AVe nlso discuss the phaso transition problem of multi-photon optical bistability and multi-photon lasers.