In this paper, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is summarized from two aspects. The first is the advantages of LIBS qualitative analysis method in element rapid monitoring and drawing the relative content distribution diagram of elements based on high spatial resolution ability of LIBS to comprehensively observe the distribution of elements in different parts of plant organs. The second is the progress and existing problems of LIBS in quantitative analysis of nutrient elements and heavy metals in soil and plants. The sensitivity of this technology to the determination of metal elements is better than that of nonmetallic elements. For the determination of nonmetallic elements, inert gases are need to eliminate atmospheric effects; for the determination of metal elements, the effects of self-absorption of metal elements can be solved by uncalibrated LIBS and optical thin LIBS.