1. Schematic diagram of constructing DMSNs- and DMSTNs-based supported Au NPs catalysts

2. SEM images of DMSNs (a), DMSTNs (b), DMSNs-NH₂ (c), DMSTNs-NH₂ (d), DMSNs-NH₂-Au (e), and DMSTNs-NH₂-Au (f)

3. FT-IR spectra of DMSNs, DMSTNs, DMSNs-NH₂, and DMSTNs-NH₂

4. XPS survey scan of DMSTNs, DMSNs-NH₂, and DMSNs-NH₂

5. TEM images of DMSNs (a), DMSTNs (b), DMSNs-NH₂ (c), DMSTNs-NH₂ (d), DMSNs-NH₂-Au (e), and DMSTNs-NH₂-Au (f), and TEM-mapping images of DMSNs-NH₂-Au (g) and DMSTNs-NH₂-Au (h)

6. XRD patterns (a), UV-Vis-DRS spectra (b) and PL spectra (c) of DMSNs, DMSTNs, DMSNs-NH₂-Au, and DMSTNs-NH₂-Au

7. H₂ production amount as a function of irradiation time (a) and the corresponding production rates (b) of DMSNs, DMSTNs, DMSNs-NH₂-Au, and DMSTNs-NH₂-Au, cycling tests of DMSTNs-NH₂-Au for H₂ production (c), and TEM image of DMSTNs-NH₂-Au sample experienced five cycles, with inset showing the high-angle annular dark-field imaging (d)

8. Characteristic ultraviolet absorption peaks of p-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenolate, and p-aminophenol (a), Ultraviolet absorption spectra of different samples, including p-nitrophenol+NaBH₄ as the blank sample (b), with the addition of DMSNs (c), DMSTNs (d), DMSNs-NH₂-Au (e), and DMSTNs-NH₂-Au (f), the conversion (g) and pseudo first-order linear equation (h) of DMSNs-NH₂-Au, and DMSTNs-NH₂-Au, and cycling tests of DMSTNs-NH₂-Au for p-nitrophenol reduction (i), SEM images (j) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mappings (k) of DMSTNs-NH₂-Au sample experienced ten cycles. EDS measurement of random four DMSTNs-NH₂-Au individuals (l)

9. Schematic illustration of possible photocatalytic mechanisms for DMSTNs-NH₂-Au to split water under simulated sunlight (a) and ordinary catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol without light irritation (b)