Fabrication of ZnO-nanowire-coated thin-foil targets for ultra-high intensity laser interaction experiments

D. Calestani; M. Villani; G. Cristoforetti; F. Brandi; P. Koester; L. Labate; L. A. Gizzi

doi:10.1063/5.0044148

[1] R.Loetzsch, O. N.Rosmej, L. P.Pugachev, S.Z?hter, C.Spielmann, D.Kartashov, M. E.Povarnitsyn, S.H?fer, M. C.Kaluza, N. E.Andreev, A.Schoenlein, Z.Samsonova, A.Hoffmann, I.Uschmann, C.Arda, D.Khaghani, A.Saevert. Generation of keV hot near-solid density plasma states at high contrast laser-matter interaction. Phys. Plasmas, 25, 083103(2018).

[2] Z. M.Sheng, D.Umstadter, K.Flippo, K.Mima, V. Y.Bychenkov, G.Mourou, A.Maksimchuk, Y.Sentoku. High-energy ion generation in interaction of short laser pulse with high-density plasma. Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt., 74, 207(2002).

[3] K.Gopal, D. N.Gupta, S.Kumar. Proton acceleration from overdense plasma target interacting with shaped laser pulses in the presence of preplasmas. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 61, 085001(2019).

[4] A.Giulietti, L. A.Gizzi, G.Cristoforetti, L.Fulgentini, F.Baffigi, S.Tudisco, P.Koester, A.Anzalone, G.D’Arrigo, L.Labate, G.Bussolino. Investigation on laser–plasma coupling in intense, ultrashort irradiation of a nanostructured silicon target. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 56, 095001(2014).

[5] G. S.Hicks, T.Ziegler, U.Schramm, H.Sakaki, Y.Watanabe, N.Iwata, H.Kiriyama, M. A.Alkhimova, N. P.Dover, A.Sagisaka, T. A.Pikuz, J. K.Koga, K.Zeil, E. J.Ditter, T.Miyahara, Y.Sentoku, Ko.Kondo, Z.Najmudin, M.Hata, M.Kando, M.Nishiuchi, A. Ya.Faenov, K.Kondo, A. S.Pirozhkov, O. C.Ettlinger, H. F.Lowe. Dynamics of laser-driven heavy-ion acceleration clarified by ion charge states. Phys. Rev. Res., 2, 033081(2020).

[6] F.Baffigi, G.Maero, L.Fulgentini, D.Terzani, G.Cristoforetti, A.Fazzi, L.Labate, M.Romé, D.Giove, R.Russo, P.Tomassini, F.Brandi, L. A.Gizzi, G.D’Arrigo, D.Palla, P.Koester. Laser-driven proton acceleration via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons into TiO₂ nanotube array targets. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 62, 114001(2020).

[7] B. M.Luther, R.Hollinger, V. N.Shlyaptsev, C.Bargsten, A.Prieto, J. J.Rocca, A.Pukhov, S.Wang, L.Yin, M. A.Purvis, Y.Wang. Relativistic plasma nanophotonics for ultrahigh energy density physics. Nat. Photonics, 7, 796(2013).

[8] J.Park, M. G.Capeluto, R.Hollinger, S.Wang, A.Rockwood, M.Klapisch, V.Kaymak, A.Pukhov, J. J.Rocca, R.Tommasini, D.Keiss, C.Bargsten, R.London, V. N.Shlyaptsev, Y.Wang, M.Busquet. Energy penetration into arrays of aligned nanowires irradiated with relativistic intensities: Scaling to terabar pressures. Sci. Adv., 3, e1601558(2017).

[9] R.Hollinger, A.Townsend, J. J.Rocca, A.Pukhov, A.Prieto, V. N.Shlyaptsev, A.Curtis, C.Bargsten, A.Rockwood, Y.Wang, P.Stockton, M. G.Capeluto, V.Kaymak, S.Wang. Efficient picosecond x-ray pulse generation from plasmas in the radiation dominated regime. Optica, 4, 1344(2017).

[10] C.Riconda, A.Velyhan, M.Possolt, J.Pro?ka, J.Prok?pek, F.Réau, L.Labate, F.Baffigi, M.Passoni, A.Sgattoni, J.P?ikal, O.Tcherbakoff, L.Vassura, P.D’Oliveira, A.Bigongiari, F.Novotny, T.Ceccotti, M.Květon, V.Floquet, P.Martin, L. A.Gizzi, O.Klimo, A.Heron, M.Bougeard, L.?tolcoá, J.Fuchs, A.Macchi, M.Raynaud. Evidence of resonant surface-wave excitation in the relativistic regime through measurements of proton acceleration from grating targets. Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 185001(2013).

[11] R.Russo, G.Maero, D.Palla, P.Koester, G.Cristoforetti, M.Romé, F.Baffigi, P.Tomassini, D.Giove, G.D’Arrigo, L. A.Gizzi, A.Fazzi, D.Terzani, L.Fulgentini, L.Labate, F.Brandi. Intense proton acceleration in ultrarelativistic interaction with nanochannels. Phys. Rev. Res., 2, 033451(2020).

[12] A.Macchi. Surface plasmons in superintense laser-solid interactions. Phys. Plasmas, 25, 031906(2018).

[13] Y.Gu, Y.Tang, W.Wu, Y.Ji, G.Jiang, C.Wang. Efficient generation and transportation of energetic electrons in a carbon nanotube array target. Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, 041504(2010).

[14] A.Handler, B. F.Shen, K. M.George, A.Zingale, D.Nasir, T.Rubin, J.Snyder, C.Willis, D. W.Schumacher, R. L.Daskalova, G. E.Cochran, P. L.Poole, L. L.Ji, E.Chowdhury. Relativistic laser driven electron accelerator using micro-channel plasma targets. Phys. Plasmas, 26, 033110(2019).

[15] Y.Wang, S.Kasdorf, S.Wang, A.Rockwood, A.Pukhov, C.Calvi, V. N.Shlyaptsev, R.Hollinger, J. J.Rocca, A.Moreau, A.Curtis, V.Kaymak, M. G.Capeluto. Enhanced electron acceleration in aligned nanowire arrays irradiated at highly relativistic intensities. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 62, 014013(2020).

[16] Z. G.Deng, S. C.Ruan, Z. Y.Chen, Y.Yin, H. B.Zhuo, T. P.Yu, D. Y.Yu, F. Q.Shao, M. Y.Yu, X. R.Jiang, D. B.Zou, C. T.Zhou. Enhancement of target normal sheath acceleration in laser multi-channel target interaction. Phys. Plasmas, 26, 123105(2019).

[17] F.Baffigi, G. R.Kumar, P. K.Singh, A. D.Lad, L. A.Gizzi, G.Chatterjee, D.Sarkar, M.Shaikh, R. G.Milazzo, G.D’Arrigo, P.Londrillo, J.Jha, G.Cristoforetti, M.Krishnamurthy, A.Adak. Transition from Coherent to Stochastic electron heating in ultrashort relativistic laser interaction with structured targets. Sci. Rep., 7, 1479(2017).

[18] H.Daido, A. S.Pirozhkov, M.Nishiuchi. Review of laser-driven ion sources and their applications. Rep. Prog. Phys., 75, 056401(2012).

[19] V. Yu.Bychenkov, V. T.Tikhonchuk, E.d’Humieres, A.Brantov. Optimization of laser-target interaction for proton acceleration. Phys. Plasmas, 20, 023103(2013).

[20] A.Sagisaka, Y.Watanabe, J. K.Koga, M. A.Alkhimova, A. S.Pirozhkov, Ko.Kondo, H.Sakaki, M.Nishiuchi, A. Ya.Faenov, K.Kondo, H.Kiriyama, Y.Sentoku, M.Hata, N. P.Dover, T.Miyahara, M.Kando, N.Iwata, T. A.Pikuz. Effect of small focus on electron heating and proton acceleration in ultrarelativistic laser-solid interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett., 124, 084802(2020).

[21] F.Brandi, L. A.Gizzi, P.Cirrone, G.Cristoforetti, D.Giove, C.Altana et al. A new line for laser-driven light ions acceleration and related TNSA studies. Appl. Sci., 7, 984(2017).

[22] M.Romé, L. A.Gizzi, P.Tomassini, L.Labate, G.Cristoforetti, D.Palla, F.Brandi, F.Baffigi, A.Fazzi, G.Bussolino, L.Fulgentini, P.Koester, G.Maero, D.Giove. Light ion accelerating line (L3IA): Test experiment at ILIL-PW. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 909, 160(2018).

[23] Y. F.Nicolau. Solution deposition of thin solid compound films by a successive ionic-layer adsorption and reaction process. Appl. Surf. Sci., 22-23, 1061(1985).

[24] P. K.Nair, A. E.Jimenez-Gonzailez. Photosensitive ZnO thin films prepared by the chemical deposition method SILAR. Semicond. Sci. Technol., 10, 1277(1995).

[25] F.Pattini, D.Calestani, M.Villani, E.Gilioli, F.Bissoli, A.Zappettini. Solution-free and catalyst-free synthesis of ZnO-based nanostructured TCOs by PED and vapor phase growth techniques. Nanotechnology, 23, 194008(2012).

[26] L.Lazzarini, R.Mosca, M.Zha, M.Mazzera, L.Zanotti, A.Zappettini, D.Calestani. Large-area self-catalysed and selective growth of ZnO nanowires. Nanotechnology, 19, 325603(2008).

[27] M.Villani, M.Solzi, M.Culiolo, A.Zappettini, T.-Y.Kim, D.Calestani, D.Delmonte, S.-W.Kim, L.Marchini. Functionalization of carbon fiber tows with ZnO nanorods for stress sensor integration in smart composite materials. Nanotechnology, 29, 335501(2018).

[28] D.Delmonte, L.Marchini, M.Solzi, N.Coppedè, M.Villani, D.Calestani, A.Zappettini, R.Bercella, M.Culiolo. Turning carbon fiber into a stress-sensitive composite material. J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 10486(2016).

[29] O.Chaix-Pluchery, V.Consonni, E.Appert, R.Parize, J. D.Garnier. Effects of polyethylenimine and its molecular weight on the chemical bath deposition of ZnO nanowires. ACS Omega, 3, 12457(2018).

[30] A.Sgattoni, P.Londrillo, G.Turchetti, C.Benedetti. ALaDyn: A high-accuracy PIC code for the Maxwell–Vlasov equations. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36, 1790(2008).

[31] P.Londrillo, A.Adak, A. D.Lad, M.Shaikh, P. K.Singh, D.Sarkar, M.Krishnamurthy, G.Ravindra Kumar, J.Jha, L. A.Gizzi, G.D’Arrigo, G.Cristoforetti, G.Chatterjee. Silicon nanowire based high brightness, pulse relativistic electron source. APL Photonics, 2, 066105(2017).