Suspended-core Fibers for Sensing Applications

Orlando FRAZAO; Ricardo M. SILVA; Marta S. FERREIRA; José L. SANTOS; António B. LOBO RIBEIRO

doi:10.1007/s13320-012-0058-3

[1] T. M. Monro, W. Belardi, K. Furusawa, J. C. Baggett, N. G. R. Broderick, and D. J. Richardson, “Sensing with microstructured optical fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 854-858, 2001.

[2] A. S. Webb, F. Poletti, D. J. Richardson, and J. K. Sahu, “Suspended-core holey fiber for evanescent-field sensing,” Opt. Eng., vol. 46, no. 1, 2007.

[3] W. N. MacPherson, E. J. Rigg, J. D. C. Jones, V. V. R. K. Kumar, J. C. Knight, and P. S. Russell, “Finite-element analysis and experimental results for a microstructured fiber with enhanced hydrostatic pressure sensitivity,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1227-1231, 2005.

[4] T. M. Monro, S. Warren-Smith, E. P. Schartner, A. Francois, S. Heng, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, and S. Afshar, “Sensing with suspended-core optical fibers,” Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 343-356, 2010.

[5] L. B. Fu, B. K. Thomas, and L. Dong, “Efficient supercontinuum generations in silica suspended core fibers,” Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 24, pp. 19629-19642, 2008.

[6] I. Savelii, J. C. Jules, G. Gadret, B. Kibler, J. Fatome, M. El-Amraoui, N. Manikandan, X. Zheng, F. Desevedavy, J. M. Dudley, J. Troles, L. Brilland, G. Renversez, and F. Smektala, “Suspended core tellurite glass optical fibers for infrared supercontinuum generation,” Opt. Mater., vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1661-1666, 2011.

[7] A. M. R. Pinto, O. Frazao, J. L. Santos, M. Lopez-Amo, J. Kobelke, and K. Schuster, “Interrogation of a suspended-core Fabry-Perot temperature sensor through a dual wavelength Raman fiber laser,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, no. 21, pp. 3149-3155, 2010.

[8] A. van Brakel, C. Grivas, M. N. Petrovich, and D. J. Richardson, “Micro-channels machined in microstructured optical fibers by femtosecond laser,” Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 8731-8736, 2007.

[9] F. M. Cox, R. Lwin, M. C. J. Large, and C. M. B. Cordeiro, “Opening up optical fibers,” Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 19, pp. 11843-11848, 2007.

[10] H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, S. C. Warren-Smith, and T. M. Monro, “Suspended nanowires: fabrication, design and characterization of fibers with nanoscale cores,” Opt. Express, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2646-2657, 2009.

[11] O. Frazao, J. M. Baptista, J. L. Santos, J. Kobelke, and K. Schuster, “Strain and temperature characterisation of sensing head based on suspended-core fiber in Sagnac interferometer,” Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 25, pp. 1455-1456, 2008.

[12] A. Ryasnyanskiy, A. X. Lin, A. Belwalkar, C. Guintrand, I. Biaggio, and J. Toulouse, “Nonlinear frequency conversion in bismuth-doped tellurite suspended core fiber,” Opt. Commun., vol. 284, no. 16-17, pp. 3977-3979, 2011.

[13] O. Frazao, R. M. Silva, J. Kobelke, and K. Schuster, “Temperature- and strain-independent torsion sensor using a fiber loop mirror based on suspended twin-core fiber,” Opt. Lett., vol. 35, no. 16, pp. 2777-2779, 2010.

[14] R. M. Silva, M. S. Ferreira, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, and O. Frazao, “Simultaneous measurement of curvature and strain using a suspended multicore fiber,” Opt. Lett., vol. 36, no. 19, pp. 3939-3941, 2011.

[15] M. Roze, B. Ung, A. Mazhorova, M. Walther, and M. Skorobogatiy, “Suspended core subwavelength fibers: towards practical designs for low-loss terahertz guidance,” Opt. Express, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 9127-9138, 2011.

[16] M. C. P. Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J. L. Auguste, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardierg, “Three-hole microstructured optical fiber for efficient fiber Bragg grating refractometer,” Opt. Lett., vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 2390-2392, 2007.

[17] M. Hautakorpi, M. Mattinen, and H. Ludvigsen, “Surface-plasmon-resonance sensor based on three-hole microstructured optical fiber,” Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 8427-8432, 2008.

[18] J. Wojcik, P. Mergo, M. Makara, K. Poturaj, L. Czyzewska, J. Klimek, and A. Walewski, “Technology of suspended core microstructured optical fibers for evanesced wave and plasmon resonance optical fiber sensors,” in Proc. of Photonic Crystal Fibers II, Strasbourg, April 9-10, pp. 69900T-1-69900T-6, 2008.

[19] S. Torres-Peiró, A. Díez, J. L. Cruz, and M. V. Andrés, “Temperature sensor based on Ge-doped microstructured fibers,” Journal of Sensors, vol. 2009, pp. 417540-1-417540-5, 2009.

[20] B. Gauvreau, F. Desevedavy, N. Guo, D. Khadri, A. Hassani, and M. Skorobogatiy, “High numerical aperture polymer microstructured fiber with three super-wavelength bridges,” J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Op., vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 85102-85110, 2009.

[21] O. Frazao, S. H. Aref, J. M. Baptista, J. L. Santos, H. Latifi, F. Farahi, J. Kobelke, and K. Schuster, “Fabry-Perot cavity based on a suspended-core fiber for strain and temperature measurement,” IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett., vol. 21, no. 17, pp. 1229-1231, 2009.

[22] O. Frazao, J. M. Baptista, J. L. Santos, J. Kobelke, and K. Shuster, “Refractive index tip sensor based on Fabry-Perot cavities formed by a suspended core fiber,” J. Eur. Opt. Soc-Rapid, vol. 4, pp. 28-31, 2009.

[23] O. Frazao, S. F. O. Silva, J. Viegas, J. M. Baptista, J. L. Santos, J. Kobelke, and K. Schuster, “All fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on suspended twin-core fiber,” IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett., vol. 22, no. 17, pp. 1300-1302, 2010.

[24] S. F. O. Silva, J. L. Santos, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, and O. Frazao, “Simultaneous measurement of three parameters using an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on suspended twin-core fibers,” Opt. Eng., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 030501-1-030501-3, 2011.

[25] C. M. Jewart, T. Chen, E. Lindner, J. Fiebrandt, M. Rothhardt, K. Schuster, J. Kobelke, H. Bartelt, and K. P. Chen, “Suspended-core fiber Bragg grating sensor for directional-dependent transverse stress monitoring,” Opt. Lett., vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 2360-2362, 2011.

[26] M. Bravo, A. Pinto, M. Lopez-Amo, J. Kobelke, and K. Schuster, “High precision micro-displacement fiber sensor through a suspended-core Sagnac interferometer,” Opt. Lett., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 202-204, 2012.

[27] S. H. Aref, M. I. Zibaii, M. Kheiri, H. Porbeyram, H. Latifi, F. M. Araujo, L. A. Ferreira, J. L. Santos, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, and O. Frazao, “Pressure and temperature characterization of two interferometric configurations based on suspended-core fibers,” Opt. Commun., vol. 285, no. 3, pp. 269-273, 2012.

[28] C. M. B. Cordeiro, C. J. S. de Matos, E. M. dos Santos, A. Bozolan, J. S. K. Ong, T. Facincani, G. Chesini, A. R. Vaz, and C. H. B. Cruz, “Towards practical liquid and gas sensing with photonic crystal fibers: side access to the fiber microstructure and single-mode liquid-core fiber,” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 3075-3081, 2007.

[29] T. G. Euser, J. S. Y. Chen, M. Scharrer, P. S. J. Russell, N. J. Farrer, and P. J. Sadler, “Quantitative broadband chemical sensing in air-suspended solid-core fibers,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 103, no. 10, pp. 103108-1-103108-7, 2008.

[30] H. Lehmann, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, R. Willsch, H. Bartelt, R. Amezcua-Correa, and J. C. Knight, “Gas sensing with suspended core fibers and hollow core band gap fibers: a comparative study,” in Proc. SPIE (20th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors), Edinburgh, October 5-9, vol. 7503, pp. 75035C, 2009.

[31] S. Selleri, E. Coscelli, M. Sozzi, A. Cucinotta, F. Poli, and D. Passaro, “Air-suspended solid-core fibers for sensing,” in Proc. SPIE (Optical Sensors 2009), Prague, April 20-22, vol. 7536, pp. 73561L, 2009.

[32] S. Afshar, S. C. Warren-Smith, and T. M. Monro, “Enhancement of fluorescence-based sensing using microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 26, pp. 17891-17901, 2007.

[33] H. Yan, J. Liu, C. X. Yang, G. F. Jin, C. Gu, and L. Hou, “Novel index-guided photonic crystal fiber surface-enhanced Raman scattering probe,” Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 8300-8305, 2008.

[34] S. C. Warren-Smith, S. Afshar, and T. M. Monro, “Theoretical study of liquid-immersed exposed-core microstructured optical fibers for sensing,” Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 9034-9045, 2008.

[35] S. C. Warren-Smith, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, T. C. Foo, R. Moore, C. Davis, and T. M. Monro, “Exposed-core microstructured optical fibers for real-time fluorescence sensing,” Opt. Express, vol. 17, no. 21, pp. 18533-18542, 2009.

[36] M. K. K. Oo, Y. Han, J. Kanka, S. Sukhishvili, and H. Du, “Structure fits the purpose: photonic crystal fibers for evanescent-field surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 466-468, 2010.

[37] S. C. Warren-Smith, S. Heng, H. Ebendorff- Heidepriem, A. D. Abell, and T. M. Monro, “Fluorescence-based aluminum ion sensing using a surface-functionalized microstructured optical fiber,” Langmuir, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 5680-5685, 2011.

[38] Y. L. Ruan, E. P. Schartner, H. Ebendorff- Heidepriem, P. Hoffmann, and T. M. Monro, “Detection of quantum-dot labeled proteins using soft glass microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 26, pp. 17819-17826, 2007.

[39] Y. Ruan, T. C. Foo, S. Warren-Smith, P. Hoffmann, R. C. Moore, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, and T. M. Monro, “Antibody immobilization within glass microstructured fibers: a route to sensitive and selective biosensors,” Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 22, pp. 18514-18523, 2008.

[40] E. Coscelli, M. Sozzi, F. Poli, D. Passaro, A. Cucinotta, S. Selleri, R. Corradini, and R. Marchelli, “Toward A Highly Specific DNA Biosensor: PNA-Modified Suspended-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 967-972, 2010.