Fig. 1. Principle of Cu2+ detection by GSH-AuNCs fluorescence sensor
Fig. 2. GSH-AuNCs transmission electron microscope image, illustrated with particle size distribution
Fig. 3. Infrared spectra of GSH-AuNCs
Fig. 4. Fluorescence spectra of GSH-AuNCs
Fig. 5. Relationship between GSH-AuNCs fluorescence intensity and Cu2+ concentration
Fig. 6. Fluorescence attenuation curves of GSH-AuNCs and GSH-AuNCs /Cu2+
Fig. 7. Fluorescence emission spectra of GSH-AuNCs under different wavelengths of excitation light
Fig. 8. Effect of pH on fluorescence intensity of GSH-AuNCs
Fig. 9. Effect of different Cu2+ concentrations on fluorescence intensity of GSH-AuNCs, embedded images a and b are the photos of GSH-AuNCs before and after fluorescence is quenched by Cu2+ under ultraviolet light
Fig. 10. Relationship between Cu2+ concentration and natural logarithm of GSH-AuNCs fluorescence intensity ratios before and after quenching
Fig. 11. Specificity analysis of fluorescence sensor
Method | LOD /(nmol·L-1) | Linear range /(nmol·L-1) | Ref. |
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Capillary electrophoresis microchip | 134.0 | 603--15600 | [49] | Colorogenic probe of rhodamine B derivative | 12.0 | 100--6000 | [50] | RGO-Au-ZIF-8 electrochemical sensor | 7.8 | 10--10000 | [51] | Polypyrrole nanowire electrochemical detection | 20.0 | 20--300 | [52] | ICT colorimetric chemosensor | 37.0 | 0--5000 | [12] | Tb3+-functionalized metal-organic framework | 230.0 | 0--2×105 | [53] | GSH-AuNCs fluorescent sensor | 7.4 | 16.7--5000.0 | This work |
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Table 1. Comparison with other detection methods
No. | Standard /(nmol·L-1) | Test data /(nmol·L-1) | Standard recovery rate /% | RSD /% |
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1 | 80 | 86.3 | 107.9 | 4.47 | 2 | 200 | 213.4 | 106.7 | 3.29 | 3 | 400 | 389.6 | 97.4 | 2.41 | 4 | 1000 | 951.7 | 95.2 | 4.19 | 5 | 2000 | 1858.3 | 92.9 | 5.69 |
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Table 2. Test results of Cu2+ in water samples