Fig. 1. [in Chinese]

Fig. 2. The response of different boundaries at different scales

Fig. 3. calculate the HV-MSGD weighting operator

Fig. 4. The detection process of the entire dim small target

Fig. 5. Flow chart of trajectory detection

Fig. 6. the results of five images that processed by our method, （a） is the input image, （b） is the 3D view of the input image, （c） is the image processed by HV-MSGD, （d） is a 3D image processed by HV-MSGD, （e） is a threshold segmentation image processed by （c）, （f） is a 3D threshold segmentation image processed by （c）

Fig. 7. Background suppression results of different algorithms in different scenarios （a） original image, （b） BF filtering result, （c） TDLMS filtering result in literature 15, （d） PM filtering result, （e） LCM filtering result of in literature 24, （f） NWIE, （g） filtering result of our method

Fig. 8. ROC of the five sequences

Fig. 9. Track of five sequences

Fig. 10. Histograms of detected bias pixels obtained by using our method （a） histograms of horizontal detected bias pixels of five sequences, （b） histograms of vertical detected bias pixels of five sequences

Table 1. BSF and GSNR of different five images processed by different methods

Table 2. the average of BSF and GSNR for five sequences

Table 3. AUC of five sequences in different algorithms