Ultrashort pulse lasers have vital significance in the field of ultrafast photonics. A saturable absorber (SA) as the core device to generate ultrashort pulses has innovative design strategies; the most interesting of which is the integration strategy based on 2D materials. This review presents recent advances in the optoelectronic properties of 2D materials and in the way the materials are prepared, characterized, and integrated into devices. We have done a comprehensive review of the optical properties of materials and material-based devices and their current development in the field of fiber lasers and solid-state lasers. Finally, we offer a look at future applications for 2D materials in ultrafast lasers and their prospects.