Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of Zhongshan station Rayleigh lidar

Fig. 2. Rayleigh lidar raw signal profile at night on March 6, 2020, at Zhongshan station. The raw data has a vertical bin width of 30 m and an integration time of 1 min

Fig. 3. Comparison of atmospheric density (a) and temperature (c) between lidar (red solid), MSIS model (blue dash), and SABER satellite (green dash) data near Zhongshan station on March 6, 2020. The vertical resolution is 300 m and the temporal resolution is 30 min for lidar data. Lidar measured density uncertainty (b) and temperature uncertainty (d) were also plotted

Fig. 4. Zhongshan station Rayleigh lidar measured temperature (a), density (b), temperature perturbation (c), and density perturbation (d) on June 30, 2020. The density (b) is plotted in color contour under the logarithm scale

Table 1. System configurations of Zhongshan station Rayleigh lidar