Initial results of Rayleigh scattering lidar observations at Zhongshan station, Antarctica

Chao Ban; Weilin Pan; Rui Wang; Wentao Huang; Fuchao Liu; Zhangjun Wang; Xin Fang; Xuewu Cheng; Hongqiao Hu

doi:10.3788/IRLA20210010

Journals >Infrared and Laser Engineering >Volume 50 >Issue 3 >Page 20210010 > Article

Infrared and Laser Engineering
Vol. 50, Issue 3, 20210010 (2021)

Initial results of Rayleigh scattering lidar observations at Zhongshan station, Antarctica

Chao Ban¹, Weilin Pan^1、2, Rui Wang³, Wentao Huang³, Fuchao Liu⁴, Zhangjun Wang⁵, Xin Fang⁶, Xuewu Cheng⁷, and Hongqiao Hu³

Author Affiliations

¹Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³Key Laboratory of Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China

⁴School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

⁵Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China

⁶Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

⁷Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China

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DOI: 10.3788/IRLA20210010 Cite this Article

Chao Ban, Weilin Pan, Rui Wang, Wentao Huang, Fuchao Liu, Zhangjun Wang, Xin Fang, Xuewu Cheng, Hongqiao Hu. Initial results of Rayleigh scattering lidar observations at Zhongshan station, Antarctica[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2021, 50(3): 20210010 Copy Citation Text

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Abstract

A Rayleigh scattering lidar for measuring the atmospheric density and temperature has been deployed at Zhongshan Station (69.4° S, 76.4° E), Antarctica. Lidar transmitter was a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser with ~400 mJ pulse energy and 30 Hz repetition rate. A telescope with 0.8 m diameter pointing to the zenith direction served as the lidar receiver. This lidar was capable of profiling the density and temperature in the Upper Stratosphere and Lower Mesosphere (USLM) region. At the vertical resolution of 300 m and the temporal resolution of 30 min, the lidar measurement uncertainties, mainly due to the photon noise, were calculated to be within 1.5% and 1 K for density and temperature, respectively. Since March 2020, this lidar has been routinely operated at Zhongshan station for exploring the atmospheric density and temperature variations and wave propagation characteristics in the polar USLM region.

Keywords

Antarctica atmospheric density and temperature Rayleigh scattering lidar

$ N\left({\textit{z}}\right)=A\left(\eta {T}_{{\rm{A}}}^{2}\right)\left({\sigma }_{{\rm{ray}}}\rho \right({\textit{z}}\left){\Delta }{\textit{z}}\right)\dfrac{1}{{{\textit{z}}}^{2}}+{N}_{{\rm{B}}} $

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$ \rho \left({\textit{z}}\right)=\dfrac{{{\textit{z}}}^{2}\left(N\left({\textit{z}}\right)-{N}_{{\rm{B}}}\right)}{{{\textit{z}}}_{0}^{2}\left(N\left({{\textit{z}}}_{0}\right)-{N}_{{\rm{B}}}\right)}\rho \left({{\textit{z}}}_{0}\right) $

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$ \frac{\Delta \rho \left({\textit{z}}\right)}{\rho \left({\textit{z}}\right)}\approx \frac{\sqrt{N\left({\textit{z}}\right)}}{N\left({\textit{z}}\right)-{N}_{{\rm{B}}}} $

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$ PV=nRT $

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$ \rho =\frac{m}{V} $

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$ {\rm{d}}P=-\rho g{\rm{d}}{\textit{z}} $

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$ T\left({\textit{z}}\right)=T\left({{\textit{z}}}_{{\rm{seed}}}\right)\frac{\rho \left({{\textit{z}}}_{{\rm{seed}}}\right)}{\rho \left({\textit{z}}\right)}+\frac{1}{R}{\int }_{{\textit{z}}}^{{{\textit{z}}}_{{\rm{seed}}}}g\left(r\right){\rm{d}}r\frac{\rho \left(r\right)}{\rho \left({\textit{z}}\right)} $

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$ T\left({\textit{z}}\right)\approx T\left({{\textit{z}}}_{0}\right){\left(\frac{{\textit{z}}}{{{\textit{z}}}_{0}}\right)}^{2}\frac{{N}_{{\rm{R}}}\left({{\textit{z}}}_{0}\right)}{{N}_{{\rm{R}}}\left({\textit{z}}\right)}+\frac{\Delta {\textit{z}}}{{{R}}}\sum\nolimits_{r={\textit{z}}}^{{{\textit{z}}}_{0}}\frac{{N}_{{\rm{R}}}\left(r\right)}{{N}_{{\rm{R}}}\left({\textit{z}}\right)}\frac{g\left(r\right){{\textit{z}}}^{2}}{{r}^{2}} $

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$\begin{split} & \Delta {{T}}\left( {{{\textit{z}}}} \right){{ = }}\sum\nolimits_{{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}{{ = {\textit{z}} + }}\Delta {{{\textit{z}}}}}^{{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{0}}}} {k(} {{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}{{)N(}}{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}})/\\ & N({{{\textit{z}}}})\sqrt {\frac{{ \displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}} {{k}} {{\left( {{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}} \right)}^{{2}}}{{\left( {\overline { \Delta {{N}}\left( {{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}} \right)}} \right)}^{{2}}}}}{{{{\left[{\displaystyle\sum _{{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}}}{{k(}}{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}{{)N(}}{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}{{)}}\right]}^{{2}}}}}{{ + }}\frac{{{{\left( {\overline {\Delta {{N}}\left( {{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}} \right)}} \right)}^{{2}}}}}{{{{N}}{{\left( {{{{{\textit{z}}}}_{{i}}}} \right)}^{{2}}}}}} \end{split} $

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$ \Delta T\left({\textit{z}}\right)\leqslant T\left({\textit{z}}\right)*\sqrt{\frac{1+\dfrac{1}{S\!BR\left({\textit{z}}\right)}}{2{N}_{{\rm{R}}}\left({\textit{z}}\right)}} $

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