Fig. 1. Ship wake pattern
Fig. 2. Optical remote sensing image of ship wake with bubbles
Fig. 3. Sketch of Dot and Curve
Fig. 4. Wake detection and feature extraction algorithm
Fig. 5. Bright wake original image and test results
Fig. 6. Grayscale curve of main and auxiliary axes of bright wake
Fig. 7. Dark wake original image and test results
Fig. 8. Grayscale curve of main and auxiliary axes of dark wake
Fig. 9. Flow chart of ship wake detection and identification algorithm on the sea
Fig. 10. Results of ship wake detection. (a), (d), (g), (j), (m) Original image; (b), (e), (h), (k), (n) Dot-Curve image; (c), (f), (i), (l), (o) Detection result
Length of main axis | Gray mean value of main axis | Gray mean value of auxiliary axis | Gray variance of main axis | Gray variance of auxiliary axis | Gray slope of auxiliary axis | 28 | 5484.89 | [5270.13;5227.13;5201.33] | 271.58 | [265.54;124.75;47.66] | [107.77,98.12;33.06,
58.71;15.80,21.13]
|
|
Table 1. Statistics of characteristics of main and auxiliary axes of bright wake
Length of main axis | Gray mean value of main axis | Gray mean value of auxiliary axis | Gray variance of main axis | Gray variance of auxiliary axis | Gray slope of auxiliary axis | 75 | 12370.44 | [12388.00;12478.40;12604.87;
12713.93;12673.53;12677.73]
| 234.51 | [134.72;142.01;133.78;
119.19;110.90;186.68]
| [−58.02,−54.10;−48.65,−51.40;−44.44,
−59.24;−39.52,−37.06;−49.67,
−34.17;18.24,20.79]
| 66 | 11638.26 | [11982.47;11947.07;12003.33;
12096.13;12139.93]
| 316.11 | [215.08;279.53;232.71;
249.21;180.56]
| [−91.08,−86.40;−100.71,−117.10;
−92.79,−34.55;−35.80,
−91.88;9.24,74.57]
|
|
Table 2. Statistics of characteristics of main and auxiliary axes of dark wake
Band | Detection rate | False alarm rate | SWIR | 97.479% | 8.403% | LWIR | 94.531% | 3.968% |
|
Table 3. Efficiency of ship wake detection