Fig. 1. Structure and principle of cylindrical grating stereoscopic display. (a) Cylindrical grating; (b) cylindrical grating stereoscopic display; (c) principle of light splitting for cylindrical grating stereoscopic display

Fig. 2. Cluster light-field stereoscopic display consists of 15 8K LCD panels, 15 laser sources, and super large-format cylindrical grating

Fig. 3. Naked eye stereoscopic displays based on eye tracking. (a) Dimenco 8K eye-tracking naked eye stereoscopic display^[7]; (b) Sony eye-tracking naked eye stereoscopic display^[8]

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of acquisition and reproduction processes of integrated imaging. (a) Acquisition process; (b) reproduction process

Fig. 5. Light field display of integral imaging, and full-parallax light field electronic sand table. (a) Light-field display of integral imaging; (b) full-parallax light field electronic sand table

Fig. 6. HoloVizio display system and 360° projection light-field system. (a) HoloVizio display system; (b) 360° projection light-field system

Fig. 7. Parameter comparison of typical light-field displays

Fig. 8. Suspension of spherical concave mirror^[18]

Fig. 9. Suspension of spherical concave mirror

Fig. 10. Typical structural diagram of suspended display based on retroreflection^[23] ( cylindrical grating stereoscopic display device can be replaced by general display, and suspended object is two-dimensional plane). (a) Levitating display device based on concave mirror; (b) suspension display device based on reverse reflection film

Fig. 11. Suspended light field stereoscopic display with large size and high definition. (a) Left viewpoint image; (b) middle viewpoint image; (c) right viewpoint image

Fig. 12. Basic principle of glass panel with negative refraction. (a) Structural chart; (b) light-path diagram

Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of four-dimensional light field acquisition^[3]

Fig. 14. Transformation from camera coordinate system to world coordinate system

Fig. 15. Linear projection transformation, and normalized device coordinate system. (a) Linear projection transformation; (b) normalized device coordinate system

Fig. 16. Setting methods of view frustum for multi-view stereo camera. (a) Parallel type; (b) cluster type; (c) sheared type

Fig. 17. Flow chart of view-by-view rendering based on serial rasterization

Fig. 18. Copy method of primitives based on geometric shaders^[31]

Fig. 19. GPU instancing technology in Unity 3D, solving computational efficiency problem of generous repetitive objects

Fig. 20. Principles of perspective projections. (a) Common perspective projection; (b) reverse perspective projection

Fig. 21. Applications of inverse perspective drawing. (a) Religious painting; (b) special construction

Fig. 22. Shadow elimination of general linear perspective projection, and shadow elimination of inverse perspective projection. (a) Shadow elimination of general linear perspective projection; (b) shadow elimination of inverse perspective projection

Fig. 23. Integrated imaging algorithm based on ray tracing^[39]

Fig. 24. Flow chart of bilateral DIBR algorithm

Fig. 25. Multi-view images and corresponding EPI image^[55]

Fig. 26. Light field acquisition of virtual points with staggered arrangement and corresponding EPI image

Fig. 27. Parameters of grating stereoscopic display

Fig. 28. Generation of elemental images in light field

Fig. 29. Correction of projectors^[61]

Table 1. Features of super multi-viewpoint light-field rendering algorithms and encoding, correction, and synchronization algorithms running on a variety of light-field display devices