Wavelength-modulated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on prism coupling can obtain high detection sensitivity only in the long-wavelength band but cannot take both detection range and detection sensitivity into account. In this work, we proposed a wavelength and angle co-modulated SPR sensor using the surface plasmons excited by objective-coupling. Through angle adjustment via objective coupling, the detection sensitivity of the SPR sensor in the short-wavelength band is improved, and the refractive index is measured with high sensitivity in a large detection range. Through simulations and experiments, the refractive indices of glucose solutions with different concentration were measured with the proposed method. The dynamic detection range is 4.4×10 ^-2 RIU, and the detection sensitivity is 5066.97 nm/RIU. In comparison with the wavelength-modulated SPR sensing method, the detection sensitivity of the wavelength and angle co-modulated SPR sensing method is increased by 2.5 times in the same detection range. This method achieves the real-time and rapid detection of refractive indices with high sensitivity in a large dynamic detection range, and it can be widely applied to biomedicine, food safety, and other fields.