Since the material properties of metal additive components differ from those produced by traditional manufacturing processes, the original ultrasonic nondestructive testing methods are no longer applicable. To study the ultrasonic nondestructive testing characteristics of metal additive components and improve the ultrasonic nondestructive testing accuracy, TA15 alloy specimens are prepared by laser melting deposition with different laser powers and overlap rates. The sensitivity and sound velocity of the longitudinal wave, which are excited by contact ultrasonic testing with a phased array ultrasonic equipment, are compared and analyzed. Results show that ultrasonic sensitivity is considerably affected by laser power. Ultrasonic velocity is affected by the forming direction and process parameters. Forming direction is a more important parameter. The material and process parameters of the reference block should be the same as those of the parts to be tested. In addition, the sound velocity in each detection direction of the parts should be calibrated.