Slave optical transceiver control technology in a laser communication network was assessed to improve the efficiency of space laser communication and realize a space laser communication network. First, the principle of a "one-to-four" system in a space laser communication network was evaluated, and the control mode of a slave optical transceiver was analyzed. Second, a mathematical model of the strap-down control technology of a slave optical transceiver was established, and a nonlinear tracking differentiator was designed. The azimuth axis of the slave optical transceiver was simulated and analyzed by using MATLAB software. Finally, a network communication system was constructed to test the slave optical transceiver. The experimental results show that after introducing the nonlinear tracking differentiator, the azimuth-tracking accuracy of the slave optical transceiver is reduced from 105 μrad(3σ) to 31 μrad(3σ), and the system accuracy is improved significantly.