The depolarization ratio of the targets in the atmosphere was caculated from the CALIPSO satellite data.From the results it can be seen that the depolarization ratio can characterize the category,the characteristic and the verticle altitude of the aerosol in the atmosphere.The depolarization ratio of the aerosol applies the new method and believable parameter for the research of the aerosol.And the CALIPSO satllite data analyse result of this paper also gives new insight into the research about the reason of the global climate change,the pollution of the atmosphere,Saharan dust and other types of aerosol.