To correct the dynamic aberrations introduced by an airborne conformal optical window that changes with viewing angle, a method for aberration correction of the conformal optical system based on computational imaging is proposed herein. By establishing an incoherent imaging system model, the principle and imaging process of the wavefront encoding system to eliminate the dynamic aberrations of the conformal optical window are given, and the design criteria of the conformal optical system based on computational imaging and the optimization process of the mask are clarified, and the transmission capability of the system is quantitatively analyzed by using the tilted edge method. Experimental results show that the dynamic aberration of the airborne conformal optical system can be corrected using the computational imaging method, and there is no need to add complex correctional devices, the system has the advantages of a simple structure and strong stability.