To address the issue of high-speed camera calibration in shooting range for field-wide field measurement, a calibration technique based on airborne identification targets is proposed. To obtain the known point set, an airborne precise positioning identification target is used, and a method based on simulated annealing sparrow search is used to solve the internal and external parameters of high-speed cameras. The airborne identification target is intended to be easily identified from a long distance. The dynamic difference after the event is used for precise positioning, and the precise measurement of the spatial position of the identification target is obtained through position correction. Based on the simulated annealing sparrow search calibration method, the internal and external parameters of the high-speed camera are calculated and calibrated. In the verification experiment created, the reprojection error of the proposed method for addressing the internal and external parameters of the high-speed camera is 0.43 pixel, and the average intersection error is 2.5 cm. The calibration effect and intersection accuracy are superior to Tsai's two-step calibration method, which improves the high-speed camera's remote calibration accuracy and intersection measurement accuracy while also resolving the calibration problem during aerial measurement.