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Chinese Optics Letters
Vol. 18, Issue 4, 040601 (2020)

Applications of weakly-coupled few-mode fibers [Invited] | On the Cover

Huiyuan Liu, He Wen, and Guifang Li^*

Author Affiliations

CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA

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DOI: 10.3788/COL202018.040601 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Huiyuan Liu, He Wen, Guifang Li. Applications of weakly-coupled few-mode fibers [Invited][J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2020, 18(4): 040601 Copy Citation Text

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Abstract

Space-division multiplexing (SDM) has attracted significant attention in recent years because larger transmission capacity is enabled by more degrees of freedom (DOFs) in few-mode fibers (FMFs) compared with single-mode fibers (SMFs). To transmit independent information on spatial modes without or with minor digital signal processing (DSP), weakly-coupled FMFs are preferred in various applications. Several cases with different use of spatial DOFs in weakly-coupled FMFs are demonstrated in this work, including single-mode or mode-group-multiplexed transmission, and spatial DOFs combined with time or frequency DOF to improve the system performance.

Keywords

few-mode fibers fiber optics links and subsystems fibers multiplexing nonlinear optics radio frequency photonics

K_{k j} = \frac{ω}{4} \iint_{\infty} d x d y Δ ε (x, y) {\vec{e}}_{k} (x, y) {\vec{e}}_{j}^{*} (x, y),

(1)

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\frac{d A_{1}}{d z} = i K_{11} A_{1} + i K_{12} A_{2} \exp [i (β_{2} - β_{1}) z], \frac{d A_{2}}{d z} = i K_{22} A_{2} + i K_{21} A_{1} \exp [i (β_{1} - β_{2}) z],

(2)

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\nabla^{2} E + n^{2} k_{0}^{2} E = (\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial x^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}) E + (n^{2} k_{0}^{2} - β^{2}) E = 0,

(3)

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- (\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial x^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}) E + \frac{2 k_{1}^{2} Δ}{a^{2}} (x^{2} + y^{2}) E = (k_{1}^{2} - β^{2}) E,

(4)

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k_{1}^{2} - β^{2} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{2 k_{1}^{2} Δ}{a^{2}}} (m_{x} + m_{y} + 1),

(5)

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β = \sqrt{k_{1}^{2} - k_{1} \frac{2 \sqrt{2 Δ}}{a} (m_{x} + m_{y} + 1)} \approx k_{1} - \frac{\sqrt{2 Δ}}{a} (m_{x} + m_{y} + 1) .

(6)

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Δ n = \frac{\sqrt{2 Δ}}{a k_{0}} .

(7)

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\iint A e^{- \frac{x^{2} + y^{2}}{2 σ^{2}}} d x d y = 2 π A σ^{2},

(8)

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A_{eff} = \frac{{(\iint {| E |}^{2} d x d y)}^{2}}{\iint {| E |}^{4} d x d y} = 2 π σ^{2} = 2 π \frac{a}{k_{1} \sqrt{2 Δ}} .

(9)

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A_{eff} Δ n = 2 π \frac{a}{k_{1} \sqrt{2 Δ}} \frac{\sqrt{2 Δ}}{a k_{0}} = \frac{λ_{0}^{2}}{2 π n_{1}} .

(10)

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\frac{A_{eff} Δ n}{λ_{0}^{2}} = \frac{1}{2 π n_{1}} .

(11)

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Huiyuan Liu, He Wen, Guifang Li. Applications of weakly-coupled few-mode fibers [Invited][J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2020, 18(4): 040601

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