Author Affiliations
1Shanghai JoyReal Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201112, China2OTTO Intelligent Technology (Haian) Co., Ltd., Haian, Jiangsu 226600, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Carrier image scaling and equal processing. (a) Hidden carrier 512×512; (b) carrier scaling 510×510; (c) hidden information170×170; (d) carrier equalization (170×170)×9
Fig. 2. Information image Arnold scrambling processing. (a) Hidden information original image; (b) 1st horizontal and vertical stagger; (c) 9th horizontal and vertical stagger; (d) 12th horizontal and vertical stagger
Fig. 3. Comparison of image processing effects between extreme value method and mean value method. (a) Hidden carrier image; (b) image processing effect of extreme value method; (c) image processing effect of mean value method
Fig. 4. Working principle of echo state network
Fig. 5. Carrier and information comparison after embedding/extraction. (a) Evenly divided carrier image with gray-level correlation order; (b) information image after scrambling; (c) hidden information carrier; (d) information image after extraction and inverse transformation CN=0.9993
Fig. 6. Gaussian noise interference effect. (a) Original image; (b) σ=0.1; (c) σ=0.5; (d) σ=1.0; (e) σ=2.0; (f) σ=5.0
Fig. 7. Salt and pepper noise interference effect. (a) RSN=1.0; (b) RSN=0.8; (c) RSN=0.6; (d) RSN=0.4; (e) RSN=0.2; (f) RSN=0.0
Fig. 8. Geometric attack effect comparison. (a) Original image; (b) spin attack;(c) flip attack; (d) curve attack; (e) twist attack; (f) translation attack; (g) shrink attack; (h) amplification attack
Embedded capacity /bit | RPSN /dB |
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Proposed method | Ref. [4] method | Ref. [6] method |
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46.21 | 52.48 | 52.45 | 52.47 | 62.37 | 51.07 | 49.89 | 50.17 | 95.08 | 49.83 | 45.33 | 46.86 | 160.33 | 49.15 | 39.62 | 42.01 | 210.95 | 48.76 | 31.77 | 35.30 |
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Table 1. Comparison of experimental results between proposed method and other methods