Optics are indispensable components for realizing optical functions of various laser systems, and their performances determine the output capability and beam quality of the laser system. Laser damage of optics have accompanied the developments of laser technologies since the invention of laser. With the development of new laser technologies and tractions of new laser applications, laser parameters such as the wavelength, pulse width and repetition frequency have been expanded, making laser damage more complicated. However, remaining essentially the same, the core of laser damage is the absorption mechanism of optics or optical materials. Starting from the basic principles of the interaction between laser and optical materials, this paper focuses on the typical optical materials and optics used in domestic inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser drivers, and reviews the scientific research on laser damage of optics. Then, it summarizes the key technologies and milestone progress formed during this period. At last, it predicts several types of bottleneck optics that still plagued this field as well as the development of further research.